GRE改革后，赶紧过来测试一下你的水平！
GRE改革后，赶紧过来测试一下你的水平！
花30分钟，认真完成下面的测试并做好笔记。把不认识的单词圈出来，并用金山词霸的柯林斯字典一一查出来，做好笔记。最后，再认真看后面给出的每一题的对应的解析。
1，六选二填空题。
Select the two answer choice that , when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
Given the flood of information presented by the mass media, the only way for someone to
keep abreast of the news is to rely on ______ accounts.
(A) synoptic
(B) abridged
(C) sensational
(D) copious
(E) lurid
(F) understated
答案与笔记：
2，双空题。
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
Famous among job seekers for its__i__, the company, quite apart from generous salaries,
bestowed on its executives annual bonuses and such__ii__as low-interest home mortgages and
company cars.
i | ii |
largesse | perquisites |
discernment | inventiveness |
altruism | propensity |
答案与笔记：
3，单空题。
Select one entry for the blank. Fill the blank in the way that best completes the text.
A common argument claims that in folk art, the artist's subordination of technical mastery tointense feeling_____the direct communication of emotion to the viewer.
(A) facilitates
(B) averts
(C) neutralizes
(D) implies
(E) represses
答案与笔记：
4，看看下面的句子，思考里面有哪些同义替换的词？整个句子是什么意思？
The correlation of carbon dioxide with temperature, of course, does not establish whether
changes in atmospheric composition caused the warming and cooling trends or were caused by
them.
答案与笔记：
5，下面这个句子的谓语是？句子是什么意思？
If the argument in the passage is valid, taboos against eating in the presence of others who are
not also eating would be LEAST likely in a society that had always had a plentiful supply of food.
答案与笔记：
6，下面这个句子，出现了哪些同义替换的内容？提示：experience 和什么同义替换了？
In order to transform his own sufferings-or joys-as a Black person into usable knowledge for his
readers, the author must first order his experiences in his mind.
答案与笔记：
7，下面句子的 failure 是什么意思？失败？整个句子是什么意思？
Given how patent the shortcomings of the standard economic model are in its portrayal of
human behavior, the failure of many economists to respond to them is astonishing.
答案与笔记：
8，下面是一个倒装句，你能理解这句话是什么意思吗？哪个单词表示逻辑关系？句子里面的一对反义词是什么？整个句子是什么意思？
For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being
and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that
had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their
religious usefulness.
答案与笔记：
做完了才可以看解析哦！！
解析：
这道六选二填空题重点在于掌握和理解到，GRE的单词需要掌握的是单词的精确考法和搭配。例如这题里面的abreast，很多考生背的意思可能是“并列，并肩”。实际上，这道题需要大家清楚“keep abreast of sth”这种固定搭配。
意思为：了解最新情况，跟上(某事物的发展）If you keep abreast of a subject, you know all the most recent facts about it.
【例句】lt is almost impossible tokeep abreast of all the latestdevelopments in computing.要跟上计算机领域所有最新的发展几乎不可能。
所以这题的答案选AB。整个句子的意思是：考虑到大众媒体提供的大量信息，人们了解新闻的唯一方法就是依靠简短的报道。
这道题的重点是在掌握和理解填空题的做题方法：根据题目上下文的线索来推理做题。就好像是“开卷”考试一样。
例如，第一个空格的答案线索其实来自空格后面的内容：这个公司除了慷慨的工资外，还提供大量的福利给这个公司的员工。因此，第一个空格就得出答案是“慷慨的”。
但是，大家要看懂bestowe A on B 这种固定搭配。但是题目明显出现了倒装结构。
bestow sth on/upon sb
给予；赠与；授予；赐予：to bestow something on someone means to give or present it to them
【例】The Queen has bestowed a knighthood on him. 女王已经授予他爵士头衔。
因为句中的sth（从annual到cars.）部分过长，所以会出现倒装（更多的倒装结构，在本书的长难句部分有详细讲解）。句中的low-interest为很低的利息的意思。
也就是原文的：bestowed on its executives annual bonuses and such perquisites as low-interest home mortgages and company cars.
还原到一般的语序：bestowed annual bonuses and such perquisites as low-interest home mortgages and company cars on its executives.
同时，我们也要明白such A as B里面，A和B的关系：A是抽象的，B是具体的。
也就是：
A=perquisites，是抽象的
B=low-interest home mortgages and company cars， 是具体的
也就是说，第二空格考的是抽象与具体的对应关系。整个GRE填空、阅读非常喜欢考查各种逻辑关系。更多的考查的逻辑关系，我们会在后面的内容一一详细阐述。
这个句子的大概的意思是：它在找工作的人中因为它的慷慨而知名，这个公司，除了它慷慨的工资外，还提供每年的分红和一些额外补贴，例如低利息的房屋抵押和公司的小车给它的经理们。
所以这题的答案是：largesse和perquisites
这道单空题目需要大家重点掌握两个固定搭配。
1，subordination of A to B，意思为：把A置于次要地位。其动词的搭配是：If you subordinate something to another thing, you regard it or treat it as less important than the other thing.
2, communication of A to B, 意思是把A传递给B。其动词的搭配是：If you communicate information, a feeling, or an idea to someone, you let them know about it.
回到这句话，不难看出，该句主要就是探讨艺术家对待精湛技巧和强烈情感的关系。句中是把精湛技巧放到强烈感情之下；把感情直接传递给观众。
通过这道题，大家也可以看到，一个动词（例如subordinate）改为名词后，会变成该名词+of 的形式，同时会保留该动词固定搭配的介词。这部分内容在本书的长难句部分的“动词变名词表达”会有详细的讲解。
整个句子的意思大概是：一个普遍的观点认为，在民间艺术中，艺术家使技术上的精湛技巧从属于强烈感情的做法有利于直接将情感传递给观众。
这题的答案是：A
这道题需要考生重点掌握的是阅读理解文章里面的“同义替换”。不少的GRE考生，刚接触GRE阅读理解文章的时候，喜欢通过“翻译”进行理解文章。如果用这种方法，那么当我们看部分内容的时候，会产生很多不同的概念：
原文 | 对应的翻译 | 实际的含义 |
carbon dioxide | 二氧化碳 | carbon dioxide |
temperature | 温度 | temperature |
changes in atmospheric composition | 大气成分的改变 | carbon dioxide |
warmning and cooling trends | 暖和冷的趋向 | temperature |
them | 它们 | warmning and cooling trends |
这个句子其实是在阐述二氧化碳和温度的关系。不清楚是二氧化碳导致了温度的改变（例如上升），还是温度的改变导致了二氧化碳的增加。
因为在我们所谓的“常识”里，我们都认为是二氧化碳在空气中的比例增加了导致了温室效应，也就是全球变暖。但是这篇文章缺告诉我们，这两者的关系是不确定的。
说了这么多，其实就是想告诉读者，在阅读GRE文章的时候，如果我们通过平时的刻意训练，识别文章里面大量的“同义替换”，其实是可以“简化”文章的，最终能快速理解文章。这部分的训练，在《12天突破gre阅读》本书的DAY 8里面会进行详细的阐述。
这道题重点在于能快速找到长难句的“谓语”。这题的简单的结构如下：
If the argument in the passage is valid, taboos against eating in the presence of others who are
not also eating would be LEAST likely in a society that had always had a plentiful supply of food.
不难看出来，taboos的谓语动词是would be，中间还有一个定语：against eating in the presence of others和一个定语从句：who are not also eating。
这个句子的意思是：如果文章的观点是成立的，那么这样的禁忌在一个食物充足的社会里是不存在的，这样的禁忌就是禁止在那些没有同时进食的人面前吃东西。
这题的重点是要掌握GRE阅读文章里面的各种“同义替换”。expericen=his own sufferings-or joys-as a Black person.
Given how patent the shortcomings of the standard economic model are in its portrayal of
human behavior, the failure of many economists to respond to them is astonishing.
这道题重点在于掌握原文的“patent”作为形容词，意为“明显的”。同时，不少读者一看到句中的failure就想到是失败的意思。
实际上，failure作为其动词fail的名词形式，依然保留其动词的常用搭配，也就是fail…to…，意为“没做到…”。因此句中的“failure of many economists to”并非许多经济学家的失败，而是许多经济学家没做到….。
同时要注意前面是一个由how引导的主语从句，因此会出现倒装：how +adj.（表语）+主语+be（谓语动词）的结构。
这题的大概意思是：考虑到标准的经济模型在描述人类的行为的缺点那么明显，而许多经济学家却看不到这些缺点，这是令人非常惊讶的。
这题的重点在于通过逻辑关系词（例如原文里nevertheless）推理得出：原文的abandoned与retained是一对反义词。
此外，该句出现了倒装表达：retain as B A
其中，
B= parts of their oral tradition;
A= the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
这个句式的意思大概是：比如说，有一些，早期的社会已经不再认为某些宗教仪式对他们的幸福安康重要，于是抛弃了它们，但是尽管如此，他们还是把这些宗教神话保留当做他们口头传统的一部分，这些宗教神话起源于那些宗教仪式，并且是因为它们的艺术特点，而不是因为它们的宗教用途而崇拜它们。
二、深度解剖一篇GRE阅读
各位同学先按照自己的方法，认真看下面的文章，并完成题目。
原文如下：
In 1998 scientists using the neutrino detector in Kamioka, Japan, were able to observe several thousand neutrinos—elusive, tiny subatomic particles moving at nearly the speed of light and passing through almost everything in their path. The Kamioka findings have potentially far-reaching ramifications. They strongly suggest that the neutrinos has mass, albeit an infinitesimal amount. Even a tiny mass means that neutrinos would outweigh all the universe’s visible matter, because of their vast numbers. The findings also suggest that a given neutrino does not have one stable mass or one stable identify; instead it oscillates from one identity or “flavor” (physicists’ term describing how neutrinos interact with other particles) to another. This oscillation may explain why, although the Sun is a large source of neutrinos, detectors capture far fewer solar neutrinos than the best theory of solar physics predicts: the neutrinos may be changing to flavors undetectable by detectors. Finally, while the standard particle-physics model—which describes all matter in terms of twelve fundamental particles and four fundamental forces—does not allow for neutrinos with mass, there are theories that do. Further experiments to confirm that neutrinos have mass could help physicists determine which, if any, of these theories is correct. |
❓1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. evaluate the merits of a particular theory in light of new evidence
B. discuss scientists’ inability to account for certain unexpected discoveries
C. point out certain shortcomings in a long-standing theory
D. compare several alternative explanations for a particular phenomenon
E. consider some implications of certain scientific findings
❓2. According to the passage, one significant implication of the discovery that neutrinos have mass is that such a discovery would
A. cast doubt on the solar origins of many of the neutrinos that reach Earth
B. help to establish the validity of the standard particle-physics model
C. indicate that most of the visible matter of the universe is composed of neutrinos
D. entail that the total weight of all the visible matter in the universe is less than that of all the neutrinos in the universe
E. mean that the speed with which neutrinos normally move can be slowed by certain types of matter
解题思路与答案：
（上下滑动查看⏬）
相信，绝大部分的读者都会习惯性地把文章一字不漏看完。也就是，从文章的第一个单词一直看到文章最后一个单词，而且有不少读者会尝试一边看文章，一边在内心翻译成中文再理解。做题目的时候，会把所有的选项都认真分析完。但是这样的方法，真的适用于GRE阅读考试？
我们来用上校说的速读法来演示一下：
本例标记说明：
1，主干部分：在看文章第一遍要精读（理解的）部分，用加粗并且加双下横线
2, 细节部分：数字后面的斜体并有点状下横线的部分为需要略读的部分。
3，逻辑关系：逻辑关系的词汇，例如对比，因果、并列等逻辑关系，用阴影标出
❶In 1998 scientists ❷using the neutrino detector ❸in Kamioka, Japan, were able to observe ❹several thousand neutrinos❺—elusive, tiny subatomic particles moving at nearly the speed of light and passing through almost everything in their path. The ❻Kamioka findings have ❼potentially ❽far-reaching ramifications.They ❾ strongly suggest that the neutrinos has mass, albeit an infinitesimal amount. ❿Even a tiny mass means that neutrinos would outweigh all the universe’s visible matter, because of their vast numbers. The findings also suggest that ⓫a given neutrino does not have ⓬one stable mass ⓭or one stable identify; ⓮instead it oscillates from one identity or “flavor” (physicists’ term describing how neutrinos interact with other particles) to another. ⓯This oscillation may explain why, although the Sun is a large source of neutrinos, detectors capture far fewer solar neutrinos than the best theory of solar physics predicts: the neutrinos may be changing to flavors undetectable by detectors. Finally, while the standard particle-physics model⓰—which describes all matter in terms of twelve fundamental particles and four fundamental forces—does not allow for neutrinos with mass, there are theories that do. Further experiments ⓱to confirm that neutrinos have mass could help physicists determine which, ⓲if any, of these theories is correct.
细节的类型：
❶为时间状语❷为后置定语❸为地点状语❹为数量❺为特殊符号：破折号
❻为地点状语❼为副词状语❽为定语❾为副词❿为主题的细节⓫为定语
⓬数量⓭为并列内容，取前面一个即可。⓮为特殊符号：分号⓯为前一句的主题的细节
⓰为特殊符号：破折号⓱不定式作为后置定语⓲为插入语
下面为过滤掉“水分”后的精(gan)读(huo)的内容：
文章结构如下：
背景：Scientists were able to observe neutrinos.
主题句：The findings have ramifications.
分论点1：They suggest that the neutrinos has mass, albeit an infinitesimal amount
分论点2：The findings also suggest that neutrino does not have stable mass.
分论点3：Finally, while the standard particle-physics model does not allow for neutrinos with mass, there are theories that do.
结论句：Further experiments could help physicists determine which, of these theories is correct.
文章主要是并列的逻辑关系，各个分论点一起论证本文的主题句。
其中ramification意为可能的影响。文章详细阐述了3个可能的影响。我们发现删除那些细节后，留下文章的骨骼，可以让我们在瞬间把握文章的精华内容：文章的结构、逻辑关系。
来做题：
题目1分析：
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. evaluate the merits of a particular theory in light of new evidence
B. discuss scientists’ inability to account for certain unexpected discoveries
C. point out certain shortcomings in a long-standing theory
D. compare several alternative explanations for a particular phenomenon
E. consider some implications of certain scientific findings
题型判断：该题问primary purpose，所以判断为主旨题（各种题型的判断方法，请看本书各种题型精讲部分）。
快速定位：主旨题定位到原文主题句：The Kamioka findings have ... ramifications。
预判答案：正确答案应该与定位句为同义替换，例如会出现ramifications等关键词的同义词。
选项分析：
A选项：原文并没有出现所谓的new evidence，所以该选项错。
B选项：文章也不是讨论科学家无法解释某些无法预料的发现，所以该选项也错。
C选项：很明显错，文章重点不是shortcoming。
D选项：本文重点逻辑不是compare，所以错。
E选项：Bingo ! 选项里的some implications与原文的主题句ramifications同义替换。Certain scientific findings与原文的the Kamioka findings完美同义替换。不选这个选项，你还想怎样？
题目2分析：
2.According to the passage, one significant implication of the discovery that neutrinos have mass is that such a discovery would
A. cast doubt on the solar origins of many of the neutrinos that reach Earth
B. help to establish the validity of the standard particle-physics model
C. indicate that most of the visible matter of the universe is composed of neutrinos
D. entail that the total weight of all the visible matter in the universe is less than that of all the neutrinos in the universe
E. mean that the speed with which neutrinos normally move can be slowed by certain types of matter
题型判断：该题问neutrinos have mass，为细节题内容改写题。
快速定位：认真的读者不难发现，题目中的 significant, implication, discovery分别与原文的far-reaching，ramifications, finding同义替换，题目问neutrinos have mass would..，可以快速定位到原文“Even a tiny mass means that neutrinos would ... ”
预判答案：定位句出现了比较逻辑关系，也就是neutrinos outweigh all the visible matter。所以正确答案也必须符合这个比较关系。
选项分析：
A选项：原文定位句并没有出现所谓的solar origins，所以该选项错。
B选项：该选项的内容很明显在第三个分论点里，所以该选项也错，其实A、B选项这些选项错，原因大部分是选项的内容出现在其他与题目无关的地方，笔者称之为“错位”，就好像我们在错的地方，遇到了貌似对的人一样。
C选项：很明显错，它们是比较逻辑关系，不是被composed的关系。
D选项：该选项与我们定位的句子为同义替换，所以是对的。其实，如果原文出现了A>B，答案往往设置为：B<A。
E选项：很明显是错的，定位句压根就没说到speed之类的。
至此，一篇完整的文章和其所有的题目都已经分析完毕。
在真实考试当中，一篇文章，有可能会只考一题，也可能考两题、三题、四题。也就是说，不是每一个细节，每一个句子都会被考查到。这就是为什么，我们特别强调，在第一遍看文章的时候，不是所有的细节都需要阅读，翻译，并且记忆下来。
最后，大家可以去完整地做一篇GRE阅读，看一下是不是能比较顺畅且正确地完成了。
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