精读丨“考古学家”为什么得了诺贝尔医学奖？
“考古学家”为什么得了诺贝尔医学奖？
课程导读
▸ 为什么说今年的诺奖很“亲民”？
▸ 尼安德特人是谁？弄清楚他们的DNA为什么对人类意义重大？
▸ 今年诺奖得主的通知获奖时刻有何彩蛋？这位获奖者的私人世界何其精彩？
▸ 佩博的研究对于进化遗传学做出了怎样的贡献？该如何看待科学家的社会贡献和私人生活？
Nobel awarded to Swedish scientist who deciphered the Neanderthal genome
The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded Monday to Svante Pääbo, a Swedish geneticist whose work on ancient DNA helped change our understanding of human origins.
Pääbo, an evolutionary geneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, led groundbreaking work to sequence the genome of long-extinct Neanderthals from 40,000-year-old bone fragments. It was a "seemingly impossible task," said Anna Wedell, a member of the Nobel committee.
来源：The Washington Post
参考译文
破译尼安德特人基因组的瑞典科学家获诺贝尔奖
周一，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予瑞典遗传学家斯万特·佩博，他在古 DNA 方面的工作帮助改变了我们对人类起源的理解。
佩博是德国莱比锡马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所的一名进化遗传学家，他领导了从 4 万年前的骨头碎片中对早已灭绝的尼安德特人的基因组进行测序的开创性工作。诺贝尔奖委员会成员安娜·韦德尔说，这是一项“看似不可能完成的任务”。
重点词汇
decipher /dɪˈsaɪfə(r)/ v. 破译，辨认（难认、难解的东西）
○ to succeed in finding the meaning of sth. that is difficult to read or understand
○ e.g. decipher a code 破译密码
○ e.g. Can anyone decipher his handwriting? 有人能辨认出他的笔迹吗？
○ e.g. She watched the girl's expression closely, trying to decipher her meaning. 她仔细观察那个女孩的表情，试图解读她的意思。
Neanderthal /niˈændətɑːl/ n. 尼安德特人
○ a type of human being who used stone tools and lived in Europe during the early period of human history
○ e.g. the days of the Neanderthals 尼安德特人的时代
genome /ˈdʒiːnəʊm/ n. 基因组，染色体组
○ (biology) the complete set of genes in a cell or living thing
○ e.g. the human genome 人类基因组
geneticist /dʒəˈnetɪsɪst/ n. 遗传学者，遗传学家
○ a scientist who studies genetics
○ genetics /dʒəˈnetɪks/ n. 遗传学
○ the scientific study of the ways in which different characteristics are passed from each generation of living things to the next
○ e.g. The study of psychology has recently been widely cross-fertilized by new discoveries in genetics. 心理学研究最近从遗传学的新发现中受益匪浅。
anthropology /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/ n. 人类学
○ the study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs
○ e.g. Physical anthropology is the study of human physical variation. 体质人类学是研究人类体质变化的学科。
groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/ adj. 开创性的，开拓性的
○ making new discoveries; using new methods
○ e.g. a groundbreaking piece of research 突破性的研究成果
sequence /ˈsiːkwəns/ v. 测定（整套基因或分子成分的）序列
○ (biology) to identify the order in which a set of genes or parts of molecules are arranged
○ e.g. The human genome has now been sequenced. 人类基因组现已完成测序。
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