为什么一到咖啡馆,学习效率就直线上升……
不少学生党、上班族在感到效率奇低,容易摸鱼走神时都会选择去咖啡馆换个心情。
到了咖啡馆,效率似乎一下就提升了?
咖啡馆有什么魔力?为什么一到咖啡馆就仿佛开启了专注模式,学习和工作的效率(productivity/efficiency)直线上升呢?
Expectation violation before or during learning has been shown to trigger an adaptive encoding mechanism, resulting in better memory for unexpected events.
学习前或学习中出现的违背预期的事会触发大脑的一种自适应编码机制,从而加深“意外事件”的记忆。
我们的认知功能搭建在对外界信息的记忆之上,这就不得不提到我们大脑中主管记忆的部位——海马体(hippocampus)。
Encoding is the processing of incoming information that creates memory traces to be stored. After encoding, the hippocampus is capable of going through the retrieval process. The retrieval process consists of accessing stored information.
记忆编码是对传入信息的处理,创建要存储的记忆轨迹。编码之后,海马体能够进行记忆检索。而记忆检索则包括获取存储的记忆。
To efficiently process information, the brain shifts between encoding and retrieval states, prioritizing bottom-up or top-down processing accordingly.
为了有效地处理信息,大脑会在记忆编码和记忆检索状态之间转换,相应地优先进行自下而上或自上而下的处理。
图源:unsplash
那么回到最初的问题:为何在图书馆或咖啡馆学习工作的效率会更高呢?原因可能有以下几点:
❶ 正如实验所揭示的那样,陌生感促使海马体开启了记忆编码功能,使大脑切换到了学习模式。
❷ 咖啡中的咖啡因成分作用于人的中枢神经,让人保持清醒高效。
Caffeinated coffee keeps people awake and provides their central nervous systems with a boost that helps keep them productive throughout the day.
❸ 在咖啡店学习、工作效率提升的原因可能也与社会促进效应(social facilitation effect)有关。
One of the biggest things about coffee shops is the social-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well. Just observing them can motivate you to work harder.
咖啡馆最大的优点之一就是它带来的社会促进效应:当你去咖啡馆看到其他人正在工作,你也会自然而然地开始进入工作的状态。光是看看身边的人就会激发你更加努力地工作。
❹ 适量的背景音/白噪音(background/white noise)会使人更具有创造力。
A low-to-moderate level of ambient noise in a place like a cafeteria can actually boost your creative output.
在咖啡馆这样的地方,低到中等水平范围内的环境噪声能够促进人们的创意输出。
Audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making. Some have even dubbed “the coffee shop effect”. So, the jazz muzak, light conversation and barista banging coffee grounds out of the grinder aren’t a nuisance – they could help you come up with your next magnum opus.
环境中的声音刺激还有助于提高我们的决策力。有些人甚至称其为“咖啡店效应”。所以,咖啡馆里的爵士乐、轻松的交谈声和咖啡师在咖啡机上敲咖啡渣的声音并不是什么讨厌的事,它们说不定可以帮你创作出下一个杰作。
来源:中国日报双语新闻
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