中英双语｜《在华留学生法律指南》正式发布

2023-01-18 09:01

编者按：近日，由北京大学深圳研究生院学生公益法律协会（PILF）编制的《在华留学生法律指南A Guide for International Students in China》正式上线发布，中美法律评论经PILF授权转发全文。其内容分为中英双语两部分，为向北京大学以及其他国内高校的在华留学生们提供法律帮助，帮助留学生熟悉中国的法治环境，从签证、实习就业、社保与家庭关系、银行与金融以及法律纠纷解决机制等多方面提供指引，也为希望了解外国人在华法律法规的各方主体提供参考。

PART I 中文版

在华留学生法律指南

当今世界正逢变局，北京大学深圳研究生院的国际交流却逆势增长，大量国际学生前来中国进行专业学习、了解中国文化，在校留学生日益增多。我们发现，除了文化冲击，语言障碍等困难以外，不同国家的法律制度之间也存在巨大的信息壁垒。

为向北京大学深圳研究生院以及周边深圳院校的在华留学生们提供法律帮助，帮助留学生熟悉中国的法治环境，北京大学深圳研究生院学生公益法律协会（PILF）编制了本《在华留学生法律指南》，以望从签证、实习就业、社保与家庭关系、银行与金融以及法律纠纷解决机制等多方面为在华留学生提供指引，也为希望了解外国人在华法律法规的各方主体提供参考。

此外，我们需要感谢北京大学汇丰商学院学生会、北京大学深圳研究生院学生职业发展协会、中美法律评论以及编写顾问李美琪同学，在本手册编写过程中提供的资源支持。

本《指南》系同学们出于公益目的无偿汇编，禁止用于任何商业用途，转载或引用请注明出处。如有任何误差或未尽事宜，欢迎与我们取得联系。也欢迎加入我们，共同完善相关信息，促进中外交流。

一、签证与居住手续

（一）签证种类

（二）签证申请

（三）其他注意事项

二、实习与就业

三、社会保障与婚姻

（一）外国人在华社会保障

（二）外国人在华婚姻

附录1：List of Bilateral Social Security Agreements

四、金融相关规定

（一）银行金融业务办理

（二）关于购置不动产、特殊动产的相关规定

（三）关于股票等金融产品开户的相关规定

（四）关于公司注册的相关规定

五、外国人在华诉讼相关规则

签证与居住手续

（一）签证种类

留学生来华学习应申请X1或X2字签证。X1字签证，发给申请在中国境内长期学习的人员；X2字签证，发给申请在中国境内短期学习的人员。[1]

（二）签证申请

1. 所需材料

申请签证时，应当按照规定向中国使领馆提交：个人有效护照（有效期至少6个月，且留有足够空白页）、录取通知书、签证申请表（JW201/JW202表）、在学证明等。[2]

请在办好签证、取回护照时一并取回上述材料，以便入境后办理后续相关手续。[3]

2. 签证转换居留许可

如申请签发的X1字签证，务必注意其有效期为30天（即：入境后凭X1字签证仅可合法停留30日），入境后的30天内必须将X1字签证转换为居留许可（学习类），签证逾期将严格执行处罚，请务必重视。[4]

留学生可以在居留许可有效期内多次出入境。[5]

在宾馆、饭店、旅店、招待所、学校等企业、事业单位或者机关、团体及其他中国机构内住宿，应当出示有效护照或者居留证件，并填写临时住宿登记表。[6]

在中国境内居留的外国人申请延长居留期限的，应当在居留证件有效期限届满三十日前向居留地县级以上地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构提出申请。经审查，延期理由合理、充分的，准予延长居留期限；不予延长居留期限的，应当按期离境。[7]

3. 签证的延期、换发、补发

签证过期会构成非法居留，导致罚款、拘留等法律后果。[8]因此，应关注签证期限并及时办理签证延期、换发、补发等手续。

根据《外国人签证延期、换发、补发审批服务指南》，持X2字签证者，在办理延期时应当提交中国境内教育、培训机构出具的在读证明函件。可以延长停留期限不超过180日。申请换发X2字签证，应当提交中国境内教育、培训机构出具的函件和录取、入学证明，可以换发入境有效期不超过1年，停留期不超过180日的零次、一次或者二次签证。外国人入境后因所持签证遗失、损毁或者被盗抢申请补发签证，应当提交下列证明材料：1）签证遗失或者被盗抢的，应当提交本人护照报失证明或者所属国驻华使领馆照会以及新的有效护照或者其他国际旅行证件；2）签证损毁的，应当出示损毁护照或者所属国驻华使领馆照会以及新的有效护照或者其他国际旅行证件。[9]

（三）其他注意事项

留学生的护照、签证或个人信息（包括个人手机号码、邮箱地址、姓名等）若有变动，均须在24小时之内重新办理/更新临时住宿登记。因结婚发生的姓名变动须所在国驻华大使馆出具改名证明。

关于护照换新，在中国境内取得的新护照，须在10日内办理居留许可变更；在境外取得新护照，须持新、旧两本护照入境并确认入境章盖在新护照上，到校后尽快办理居留许可变更。

当留学生发生保留学籍、休学、停学、转学、退学等学籍状态变更，须注销所持的学习类居留许可并变更为停留签证。

实习与就业

1. 留学生若想要在校外实习，必须向学校申请留学许可。[10]

在获得正式实习资格后，须填写《居留证件加注实习申请表》[11]，交由学校留学生办公室审核同意后，交由深圳市公安局出入境管理局提交居留证件加注实习申请。[12]

2. 外国人在中国境内工作，应当按照规定取得工作许可和工作类居留证件。[13]

在中国就业的外国人应持Z字签证入境（有互免签证协议的，按协议办理），入境后取得工作许可证和外国人居留证件，方可在中国境内就业。[14]获准来中国工作的外国人，应凭许可证书及本国有效护照或能代替护照的证件，到中国驻外使、领馆、处申请Z字签证。[15]

3. 外籍高校毕业生在华就业应满足以下条件：[16]

1）年满18周岁，身体健康；

2）无犯罪记录；

3）学习成绩优秀，平均成绩不低于80分（百分制，其他分制换算成百分制处理）或B+/B（等级制）以上，在校期间无不良行为记录；

4）在中国境内高校取得硕士及以上学位且毕业不满一年。

5）有确定的聘用单位，从事工作岗位与所学专业对口。薪酬原则上不低于当地城镇单位在岗职工平均工资，具体标准由各省级人力资源社会保障部门根据就业市场实际和引进人才工作的需要合理确定；

6）持有有效护照或能代替护照的其他国际旅行证件。

此外，应注意：外国人就业证有效期首次为1年。聘用外籍高校毕业生就业期满，用人单位拟继续聘用的，按规定履行审批手续后可以继续聘用，期限不超过5年。外籍高校毕业生所缴纳个人所得税低于意向薪酬应付税额、或用人单位拟给予其的薪酬低于规定标准的，就业证不予延期。

社会保障与婚姻

（一）外国人在华社会保障

1. 社会保险

在境内合法就业的外国人（包括直接雇佣和境外派遣）均应当由境内用人单位及本人按照规定缴纳社会保险费。但是，对于与中国签署社会保险双边或者多边协议国家国籍的人员在中国境内就业的，其参加社会保险的办法按照协议规定办理。[17]用人单位招用外国人的，应当自办理就业证件之日起30日内为其办理社会保险登记。受境外雇主派遣到境内工作单位工作的外国人，应当由境内工作单位按照前款规定为其办理社会保险登记。外国人在中国参加社会保险应当等同于中国公民，均应参与“养老、医疗、工伤、生育、失业”五个险种。

目前（截至2019年3月）目前,我国已与德国、韩国、丹麦、芬兰、加拿大、瑞士、荷兰、法国、西班牙、卢森堡、日本、塞尔维亚12个国家正式签署了社会保障协定。其中，11个社会保障协定已先后生效实施。此外，我们和奥地利、罗马尼亚、捷克、葡萄牙、俄罗斯、印度等近20个国家和地区正在进行或者即将启动社会保障协定谈判，有的国家谈判即将完成。关于各双边协议的豁免条件和豁免项目，请见附录1。

对于离境的外籍人才，其社会保障个人账户予以保留，若再次来中国就业，缴费年限累计计算；经本人书面申请终止社会保险关系的，也可以将其养老保险个人账户储存额一次性支付给本人；外国人死亡的，其养老保险个人账户余额可以依法继承。

具体的办理要求可以参照广东政务服务网。[18]

2. 中国永久居留权

获得中国永久居留权的外国人可享受如下待遇：

1）出入境便利

在中国居留期限不受限制，可以凭有效护照和《外国人永久居留证》出入中国国境，无需另外办理签证等手续；其配偶及直系亲属，可按有关规定申请办理相应签证、居留证件或《外国人永久居留证》。[19]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第3条规定，“进出境自用物品按照海关对定居旅客的有关规定办理手续”。“定居旅客”是指取得中国主管部门签发的进境或出境定居证明或批准文件，移居境内或境外的旅客。[20]与中国籍的“居民旅客”相比，“定居旅客”更便于将本人或家庭在境内居留期间需要的日常生活用品携运入境。[21]

2）在华工作

在中国就业，免办《外国人就业证》；符合条件的，可优先办理《外国专家证》、《回国（来华）专家证》以及各地人才居住证。[22]此外，可按规定参加专业技术职务任职资格评审和专业技术人员资格考试。[23]在投资方面，还可以合法获得的人民币在中国境内进行外商直接投资。[24]在中国投资项目、设立外商投资企业的，发展改革、商务、工商、外汇等部门按照外资管理有关规定简化核准及审批程序，提高效率。

3）参加社保

可以《外国人永久居留证》作为有效身份证件办理参加社会保险各项手续。在中国境内就业的，按照《中华人民共和国社会保险法》有关规定参加各项社会保险；在中国境内居住但未就业，且符合统筹地区规定的，可参照国内城镇居民参加城镇居民基本医疗保险和城镇居民社会养老保险，享受社会保险待遇。办理社会保险关系转移接续、终止等手续，社会保险经办机构按照有关规定简化流程、提供方便。[25]

4）商旅消费

在国内购物、购买公园及各类文体场馆门票、进行文化娱乐商旅等消费活动与中国公民同等待遇、价格相同。[26]乘坐中国国内航班，可凭《外国人永久居留证》办理有关登机手续；在国内乘坐火车，可凭《外国人永久居留证》购买火车票；在国内旅馆住宿，可凭《外国人永久居留证》办理有关入住手续。[27]

5）购房

在住房公积金方面与中国公民享有同等待遇。[28]不受外国人在中国买房必须住满一年的限制，其他购买条件仍按有关部门或地方规定执行。[29]

6）子女上学

随迁子女可在居住地接受义务教育，享受本地居民待遇，由其居住地教育行政部门按照就近入学的原则办理入、转学手续，不收取国家规定以外的费用。[30]

永久居留证的具体办理方式和要求可以参照广东政务服务网。[31]

（二）外国人在华婚姻

1. 结婚

1）婚姻一方为中国公民

中国公民同外国人在中国内地结婚的，内地居民同香港居民、澳门居民、台湾居民、华侨在中国内地结婚的，男女双方应当共同到内地居民常住户口所在地的婚姻登记机关办理结婚登记。

2）婚姻双方为外国人

对于男女双方都是来华工作的外国人；或一方是在华工作的外国人，另一方是临时来华的外国人，要求在华办理结婚登记的，只要具备相关的证件，符合我国《民法典》关于结婚的规定，可予办理结婚登记。为了保证婚姻登记的有效性，可以让婚姻当事人提供本国法律在国外办理结婚登记有效的条文。[32]

2. 离婚

中国法律规定的离婚有两种方式：协议离婚和起诉离婚。协议离婚，是指夫妻双方同意离婚并且就财产分割、子女抚养达成一致，到民政局办理离婚手续，并领取离婚证；协议离婚，需要双方亲自到场，才能够确定婚姻关系的解除；如果一方不能回国亲自办理，应当通过起诉方式解决。起诉离婚，是指夫妻双方一方不同意离婚或者双方同意离婚但是对财产分割、子女抚养等问题存在争议，一方或者双方起诉到法院，请求法院判决离婚。协议离婚，需要双方亲自到场，才能够确定婚姻关系的解除；如果一方不能回国亲自办理，应当通过起诉方式解决。

对于夫妻一方或者双方为外国人的，如果在外国或者港澳台地区结婚的，不能到民政局去办理协议离婚，只能向法院起诉离婚。

附录1：List of Bilateral Social Security Agreements[33]

金融相关规定

（一）银行金融业务办理

银行业务较为复杂，且各银行可能需要不同的材料、手续。建议您在办理业务前，参考《个人外汇管理办法实施细则》，并且详细询问相关银行网点。也可以查询相关银行业务办理链接：

中国银行个人金融业务：https://www.bankofchina.com/en/pbservice/pb1/

中国农业银行个人金融业务：https://www.abchina.com/en/personal/

中国工商银行个人金融业务：https://www.icbc.com.cn/ICBC/EN/PersonalFinance/Deposit/CurrentDeposit/currentdeposit.htm

中国建设银行个人金融业务：http://en.ccb.com/en/depositsservice/v3/20090615_1245049651.html?ptId=2&ctId=1

1. 银行开户业务

留学生可携带护照在银行网点柜台办理开户业务，具体业务办理标准以当地分行规定为准。需要注意的是，若境外个人每日提取外币现钞或存入外币现钞达到规定额度，需要办理额外手续。根据《个人外汇管理办法实施细则》第三十条和第三十一条，个人每日提取外币现钞超过1万美元的，需要凭本人有效身份证件、提钞用途证明等材料向银行所在地外汇局事前报备。存入外币现钞超过5000美元的，在银行办理时需提供本人有效身份证件、经海关签章的《中华人民共和国海关进境旅客行李物品申报单》或本人原存款银行外币现钞提取单据。建议您在办理相关业务前，预留充足时间，提前咨询相关银行网点。

2. 银行汇款业务

银行汇款业务包括境外汇出汇入、境内汇款、同城转账等，各银行各业务手续要求不同，有的需要持有效身份证件前往网点办理，有的网上银行操作即可，建议提前通过官网或电话查询。需要注意的是，根据《个人外汇管理办法实施细则》，境外个人经常项目外汇汇出境外，手持外币现钞汇出，当日累计等值1万美元以上的，需凭本人有效身份证件办理，还应提供经海关签章的《中华人民共和国海关进境旅客行李物品申报单》或本人原存款银行外币现钞提取单据办理。

3. 银行换汇业务

换汇业务包括个人结汇、个人购汇、旅行支票等业务，需要留学生凭有效身份证件办理。需要注意的是，根据《个人外汇管理办法实施细则》第二条、第十一条和第十三条的规定，个人结汇和境内个人购汇每年限额等值5万美元，境外个人经常项目项下非经营性结汇超过年度总额需要提供额外证明材料，购汇及兑回未用完人民币存在限额。

（二）关于购置不动产、特殊动产的相关规定

最新境外个人购房政策为：在境内工作、学习的境外个人可以购买符合实际需要的自用、自住商品房；对于实施住房限购政策的城市，境外个人购房应当符合当地政策规定。港澳台居民和华侨因生活需要，可在境内购买一定面积的自住商品房。境外个人在境内只能购买一套用于自住的住房。具体规定参照《关于规范房地产市场外资准入和管理的意见》、《关于规范房地产市场外汇管理有关问题的通知（2015修正）》、《关于进一步规范境外机构和个人购房管理的通知》、《关于调整房地产市场外资准入和管理有关政策的通知》。关于特殊动产购置，以在深圳市购置小汽车为例，在深圳市办理签证或者居留许可连续满2年且每年在深圳市累计居住9个月以上的外国人可以申请普通小汽车、混合动力小汽车或者纯电动小汽车的增量指标。具体规定参照《深圳市小汽车增量调控管理实施细则》。

（三）关于股票等金融产品开户的相关规定

根据《证券登记结算管理办法（2022修订）》第二十条，符合规定的外国人可以在华开立证券账户进行投资。境外个人可按相关规定投资境内B股；在境内工作的外籍人员可以成为上市公司股权激励的对象，可以开立A股账户。具体规定可以参考《关于符合条件的外籍人员开立A股证券账户有关事项的通知》《上市公司股权激励管理办法（2018修正）》《个人外汇管理办法实施细则》和深圳证券交易所官网。[34]

（四）关于公司注册的相关规定

外国人可以在华注册公司。国家积极促进外商投资，保护外商合法权益，对外商投资实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度。外商投资企业的组织形式、组织机构及其活动准则，适用《中华人民共和国公司法（2018修正）》、《中华人民共和国合伙企业法（2006修订）》等法律的规定。针对外商投资企业的特别促进、保护、管理措施，可以参照《中华人民共和国外商投资法》。

民事与刑事诉讼相关规则

（一）外国人在华民事诉讼相关规则

外国人在中国人民法院进行民事诉讼，享有与中国当事人同等的诉讼权利义务。外国人在中国境内法院进行民事诉讼，适用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第四编“涉外民事诉讼程序的特别规定”中的相关规定。
其中需要注意的问题有：

1. 外国人在人民法院起诉、应诉，有权委托律师或其他人代理诉讼，可以委托中华⼈民共和国的律师，可以委托本国人为诉讼代理人，也可以委托本国律师以非律师身份担任诉讼代理人。[35]

2. 审判原则上使用中文进行，外国当事人可以要求提供翻译，但需承担费用。当事人向人民法院提交的书面材料是外文的，应当同时向人民法院提交中文翻译件。[36]

3.地域管辖问题应参照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》的相关规定，级别管辖问题参照《民事诉讼法》和《最高人民法院关于涉外民商事案件管辖若干问题的规定》（2023.1.1开始施行），第一审涉外民商事案件，诉讼标的额在人民币4000万元以下的，由基层人民法院管辖；标的额在人民币4000万元以上的，由中级人民法院管辖；标的额人民币50亿元以上（包含本数）或者其他在本辖区有重大影响的，由高级人民法院管辖。

4. 涉外民事诉讼案件的法律适用，根据《涉外民事关系法律适用法》的具体规定确定，该法未予以明确的，适用与诉争涉外民事关系具有最密切联系的法律。[37]

（二）外国人在华刑事诉讼相关规则

对于外国人犯罪应当追究刑事责任的，程序上适用《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的规定。

其中需要注意的问题有：

（1）刑事案件发生后，外国当事人可以向公安机关报案或者举报。

（2）第一审外国人犯罪案件，除危害国家安全、恐怖活动案件，可能判处无期徒刑、死刑的案件，以及由高级人民法院、最高法院审理的重大刑事案件以外，由犯罪地或被告人居住地的基层人民法院管辖。[38]

（3）公安机关和人民法院应当为外国嫌疑人提供翻译。犯罪嫌疑人通晓我国语言文字，不需要或拒绝他人翻译的，应当出具书面声明。[39]

（4）在案件侦查阶段，外国籍犯罪嫌疑人本人、监护人及其近亲属有权委托律师提供法律帮助、进行会见、代理申诉、控告，代为辩护等活动，但只能聘请具有中国律师执业资格并在中国律师事务所执业的律师为其辩护。办理委托授权的具体程序和要求参照《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国民事诉讼法>的解释(2022修正)》。[40]

（5）在公安机关侦查羁押期间，经公安机关批准，外国籍犯罪嫌疑人可以与其近亲属、监护人会见、与外界通信。[41]

（6）人民法院受理涉外刑事案件后，应当告知在押的外国籍被告人享有与其国籍国驻华使领馆联系，与其监护人、近亲属会见、通信，以及请求人民法院提供翻译的权利。[42]

PART II 英文版

A Guide for International Students in China

With the increasing international exchanges of Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, a number of international students have come to China for professional study and life experience in China.

Except for cultural differences and language barriers, the lack of legal knowledge in China could also be a barrier for international students’ life and study. In order to help international students in PKUSZ and other universities around better accommodate to the new environment here, the Student Public Interest Law Foundation (PILF) of PKUSZ has prepared the following Guide for International Students in China. This Guide was completed with the help of Student Union of Peking University HSBC Business School, Student Career Development Association of PKUSZ, China America Law Review, and writing consultant Li Meiqi.

This Guide introduces the basic foreigner-related regulations in China on visa, employment and internships, social security, marriage and family, banking and finance, dispute resolution mechanisms, and other aspects of daily life. It aims to provide a brief guide for international students in China, as well as an overview for anyone who wishes to grasp the relevant laws and regulations of foreigners in China.

This Guide is compiled voluntarily by students, and should not be used for any commercial purposes. Please indicate the source of reprints or citations.

Please feel free to contact us for clarifications or error corrections. You are also welcome to join us at any time to improve our work.

Legal Consulting Service

PILF is a student organization founded and operated by Peking University School of Transnational Law and is dedicated to hosting charity auctions, providing pro bono legal consultation, and offering community legal education.

If you encounter any legal issues, you can reach out to PKU PILF. We will provide a timely and research-based response to your legal questions. You can reach us through the following methods:

Method 1: Scan the QR code or browse the link below to fill in the questionnaire:

https://www.wjx.top/vm/m0pt0Q9.aspx#

Method 2: Send an email describing your case to [email protected]

In the email, you should include:

1. the facts of your case (time, place, parties, and so on)

2. the legal remedy you wish to seek;

3. the evidences you currently have;

4. the legal measures you have taken, if there is any;

and any other information you find relevant to your case.

It should be noted that,

1. PILF’s default work language is Chinese. If you wish to receive legal response in English, please either fill in the questionnaire, email us in English, or specify that you request English response.

2. To help us analyze your case more efficiently, you can email us your evidence, if any, after submitting your case through Method 1 If you contact us through email, please attach the copies of your evidence.

3. To provide better legal response, we might submit your case for group discussion among the consultation group members. For privacy concerns, we will filter out any information related to your privacy before group discussion. Also, since each PILF member has signed a non-disclosure agreement, please feel free to provide your personal information if it is necessary for solving your problem.

4. We would check and collectcase submissions at 6 PM every day and start to work on cases immediately. In principle, we will respond to you within 48 hours after we have collected your submission. If we cannot respond to you in time, we will contact you promptly.

PILF might cease operation during holidays or exam weeks, hence, it is preferable that you follow our official WeChat account for any updates.

Table of Contents

I. Visa and Residence

(I). Types of Visas

(II). Visa Application

(III). Important Notes

II. Internship and Employment

III. Social Security and Marriage

(I). Social Security for Foreigners in China

(II). Foreigners’ Marriage in China

Appendix 1: List of Bilateral Social Security Agreements

IV. Banking and Financial services

(I). Banking Services

(II). Purchase of Immovable Property and Special Chattel

(III). Opening Securities Accounts and Other Financial Products

(IV). Company Registration

V. Procedural Rules for Foreign-Related Cases

(I). Rules Relating to Foreign-Related Civil Cases and Proceedings in China

(II). Rules Relating to Foreign-Related Criminal Cases and Proceedings in China

Visa and Residence

(I). Types of Visas

You should apply for an X1 or X2 visa in order to study in China. X1 visas are issued to individuals applying for enrollment in long-term courses in China; X2 visas are issued to individuals applying for enrollment in short-term courses in China.[1]

(II). Visa Application

1. Required Documents

When applying for a visa, you should submit to the Chinese Embassy or Consulate General a valid passport (valid for at least 6 months with sufficient blank pages), letter of admission, a visa application form (form JW201/JW202), and a certificate of enrollment, etc.[2]

Please pick up the above-mentioned documents when you get your visa and passport back for further use in other relevant procedures after entering China.[3]

2. Visas to Residence Permits

If you apply for an X1 visa, please note that it is valid for 30 days (i.e., you can only stay legally for 30 days after entering China with an X1 visa) and you must convert your X1 visa to a residence permit (study category) within 30 days after entering the country. Since individuals with overdue visas will be strictly penalized, please be sure to convert your X1 visa within the time limit.[4]

After receiving residence permit, you may enter and leave the country several times within the validity period of your residence permit.[5]

When staying in enterprises, institutions, or organizations (including hotels, inns, guest houses, schools), you should present your valid passports or residence permits and fill in the registration form of temporary accommodation.[6]

Foreigners residing in China and applying for extension of period of residence shall apply to the embarkation and disembarkation administrative authorities of the public security authorities of local People’s Governments of county level and above at the place of residence 30 days before expiry of the validity period of their residence permit, and submit the relevant materials pertaining to the application in accordance with the requirements. Upon examination, where the reason for extension is legitimate and valid, extension of period of residence shall be allowed; where extension of period of residence is not granted, the residence permit holder shall leave China by the deadline.[7]

3. Extension, Renewal and Replacement of Visas

Visa expiration may cause illegal residence and legal consequences such as fines and detention.[8] Therefore, please pay attention to the validity period of visa and apply for visa extension, renewal, and re-issuance in a timely manner.

If you apply for extension as an X2 visa holder, you should submit a letter of proof of attendance issued by educational or training institutions in China. The period of stay can be extended for no more than 180 days. [9]

If you apply for a change to X2 visa, you shall submit an official letter and a certificate of admission and enrollment issued by an education or training institution within the territory of China, and may be issued a zero-entry, single-entry or double-entry visa with a validity period of no more than one year and a stay period of no more than 180 days.[10].

If you apply for a visa reissuance because their original visas are lost, damaged, destroyed, stolen or robbed shall submit the following documents: 1) (if the visa is lost, stolen or robbed) the confirmation of reporting the loss of passport and the new valid passport or other international travel documents, or the official note issued by your country’s embassy or consulates in China and the new valid passport or other international travel documents; 2) (if the visa is damaged or destroyed) the damaged passport and the new valid passport or other international travel documents, or the official note issued by the embassy or consulates of your country in China and the new valid passport or other international travel documents.

(III). Important Notes

If you have changed your passports, visas or personal information (including personal cell phone numbers, email addresses, names, etc.), you are required to re-register/update their temporary accommodation within 24 hours. Any change of name due to marriage requires a certificate issued by the embassy of the host country in China.

If you obtained a new passport in China, you must apply for a change of residence permit within 10 days. If you obtain your new passport outside China, you must come to China with both the old and new passports. Also, please make sure you have your new passport stamped. After arriving on campus, please apply for a change of residence permit as soon as possible.

When your status as an international student changes (e.g., retention, suspension, transfer, or withdrawal), the residence permit must be canceled and changed to a T visa.

Internship and Employment

1. In order to do an internship, you must notify your school of your plans and apply for an internship permit.

If you do not have the internship permit, you are not allowed to participate in an internship in China.[11] After obtaining official approval and relevant documents, you may apply for the Residence Permit Internship Annotation at the Entry-Exit Administration of the Shenzhen Municipal Public Security Bureau.[12]

2. Working in China requires both a work permit and a residence permit (for employees).[13]

If you seek employment in China, you should enter China with a Z visa (where there is an agreement on mutual visa exemption, the agreement shall prevail), and obtain a “Foreigner Employment pass” and a foreigner residence permit before you can be employed in China.[14] If you have been approved to work in China, you should apply for a Z visa from the foreign embassy or consulate in China.[15]

3. If you are a foreign graduate in China, here are the conditions you should meet for seeking employment in China: [16]

(1) Be at least 18 years old and in good health.

(2) Have no criminal record.

(3) Have excellent academic performance with an average grade of no less than 80 (under a hundred-mark system, and any other grading system, if any, shall be converted into the hundred-mark system) or B+/B (under the letter-grading system) or above, and no record shows that you engaged in bad conduct when you were in the university.

(4) Have a master’s degree or above obtained in a university in China and have graduated less than one year.

(5) Have a definite employer and your major accords with your post. In principle, your remuneration shall not be less than the local average salary of current employees serving urban employers, and the specific remuneration shall be determined by provincial authority for human resources and social security in light of actual situation in the job market and actual needs of talent attraction.

(6) Holding a valid passport or other equivalent international travel document.

In addition, please note that: foreigners’ employment certificates are initially valid for one year. If your employment period expires, your employer may renew the labor contract upon certain formalities pursuant to the law. The renewed term of the labor contract shall not exceed five years.[17] If the individual income tax paid by foreign college graduates is lower than the tax payable for the proposed remuneration, or if the salary is lower than the prescribed standard, the employment certificate shall not be renewed.

Social Security and Marriage

(I). Social Security for Foreigners in China

1. Social Security for Legally Employed Foreigners

For foreigners legally employed in China (including direct employment and overseas dispatch), their domestic employers and they themselves shall pay social insurance premiums in accordance with regulations. However, for international employees from countries with which China has signed bilateral or multilateral agreements on social insurance, they shall pay social insurance according to the measures provided by the agreements.[18] If an employer recruits a foreigner, it shall register him for social insurance within 30 days from the date of applying for an employment permit. Foreigners dispatched by overseas employers to work in China shall be registered for social insurance by domestic employers pursuant to regulations. International employees in China shall, as equal to Chinese citizens, pay five types of insurance including pension insurance, basic medical insurance, work injury insurance, unemployment insurance, family planning insurance.

At present (as of March 2019), China has formally signed bilateral social security agreements with 12 countries: Germany, South Korea, Denmark, Finland, Canada, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, Spain, Luxembourg, Japan and Serbia. Among them, 11 social security agreements have entered into force. In addition, China and nearly 20 countries and regions, including Austria, Romania, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Russia, and India, are negotiating or about to negotiate on signing social security agreements, some of which are about to complete. For exemption conditions and exemption items in the aforementioned bilateral agreements, please see Appendix 1 (p. 10).

For international employees who leave China, their social security accounts will be retained. The calculation of their contribution period will continue when they return to China as international employees. If the social security relationship is terminated upon the written application of the person, one-off payment of the savings in the pension insurance account may be made to the person. In the event of the death of an international employee, the balance of his/her pension insurance account may be inherited according to the law.

For detailed procedures and requirements, please refer to the official website of Guangdong provincial government. [19]

2. Permanent Residency in China

Foreigners who obtain permanent residency in China can enjoy the following treatment:

1). Embarkation and Disembarkation Convenience

The period of stay in China will not be limited, and foreigners can enter and exit China with a valid passport and “Permanent Residence Permit for Foreigners” (hereinafter “Permit”) without applying a visa and other procedures. Their spouses and immediate family members may apply for the corresponding visa, residence permit or the Permit in accordance with relevant regulations.[20] Article 3 of the Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China provides that a holder of Permanent Residence Permit can “go through customs formalities as a permanent resident for personal belongings entering/leaving the territory of China.” “Compared with Chinese “resident tourists,” “permanent residents” enjoy greater convenience in bringing into China their daily necessities or their families’ during their stay in China.[21]

2). Working in China

Permanent residents can work in China with no Employment Permit for Foreigners required; if the holder is eligible, he/she can have priority in applying for Foreign Expert Certificate, or Certificate of Expert Returning to (Visiting) China and other talent-related certificates for employment and residence. [22] In addition, they can apply for professional title assessment and take part in professional title exams according to the relevant regulations.[23] In terms of investment, a permanent resident can set up a foreign-invested enterprise by means of stock subscription in technology or investment, or engage in foreign direct investment within the territory of China with legally obtained Renminbi. [24]When he/she invests in a project or sets up a foreign-invested enterprise in China, the departments concerned in charge of development and reform, commerce, industry and commerce, foreign exchange, etc. shall simplify the procedures for examination and approval to improve efficiency according to the relevant regulations.[25]

3). Social Security

Permanent residents can go through the formalities of social insurance on the strength of the Permit as a valid identity document. A holder working within the territory of China is entitled to social insurances under the Social Security Laws of the People’s Republic of China; and a holder living but not working within the territory of China and eligible for the relevant policies of the locality can participate in the corresponding social insurances, including basic medical insurance for urban residents and pension insurance for urban residents, enjoy social insurance benefits and go through the formalities of transfer, continuation, or termination of social insurance relationship with reference to that for domestic urban residents; Social insurance agencies shall simplify the procedures and facilitate his/her completion..[26]

4). Business, travel, and consumption

Permanent residents can enjoy the same treatment and prices as Chinese citizens in shopping, purchasing tickets of parks and other cultural and sports venues, and consumptions in culture, entertainment, business trips, etc..[27] They can take flights, buy railway tickets and check in at hotels within China by presenting the Permit. [28]

5). Purchasing Real Estate

Permanent residents enjoy equal treatment as Chinese citizens in depositing, using, and transferring housing accumulation funds. They may, pursuant to other relevant provisions, purchase a commercial residential home in China for self-living and use, and are not restricted to purchasing real estate only after having lived in China for more than a year.

6). Schooling for Children

Permanent residents’ children can receive compulsory education that is on par with the compulsory education of Chinese children at the place of their residence. The educational administrative department at the place of their residence shall handle the enrollment and transfer formalities for the children, under the principle of admission into the nearest school, and shall not charge any fees that are not specified in national regulations.

As for how to apply for permanent residency in China, please refer to the official website of Guangdong provincial government.[29]

(II). Foreigners’ Marriage in China

1. Marriage

1) When one party to the marriage is a Chinese citizen

For the marriage in China’s mainland between a Chinese citizen and a foreigner, or between a mainland citizen and a citizen of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, or an overseas Chinese, the man and the woman shall appear together to go through the marriage registration at the marriage registration organ in the locality where the mainland citizen has his / her residence registration.

2) When both parties to the marriage are foreigners

Where both parties are foreigners working in China, or one party is a foreigner working in China and the other party is a foreigner coming to China for a short stay, and they apply for marriage registration in China, they may apply for marriage registration as long as they have the required certificates and conform to the provisions on marriage in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China. In order to ensure the effectiveness of marriage registration in China, the parties to a marriage may be required to provide the effective provisions of the laws of their own countries for marriage registration abroad.[30]

2. Divorce

According to Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, a divorce can be obtained either by a divorce agreement or by bringing a divorce action.

Divorce by agreement is obtained when marriage registration authority issues divorce certificate to husband and wife who desire divorce, have reached agreement as to disposition of property and support of children, and have applied for divorce. Divorce by agreement requires both parties to the marriage to be present. If either side is not present, divorce can only be obtained through a divorce action.

A divorce action shall be filed when either husband or wife does not desire divorce or when both husband and wife desire divorce but disagree as to disposition of property, support of children, and so on.

When either husband or wife is a foreigner and when both husband and wife are foreigners, if the marriage is registered outside China’s mainland, divorce by agreement is not available. They can only obtain a divorce by filing a divorce action to court.

Appendix 1: List of Bilateral Social Security Agreements[31]

Banking and Financial services

(I). Banking Services

Banking procedures can be complicated and different banks may require different materials. Please refer to the Implementation Regulations for the Administrative Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange and consult relevant bank branches in detail before handling business. You can also check the links of related banking service listed below. The following links are in reference only.

Personal banking, Bank of China:

https://www.bankofchina.com/en/pbservice/pb1/

Personal banking, Agricultural bank of China:

https://www.abchina.com/en/personal/

Personal finance, Industrial and commercial bank of China:

https://www.icbc.com.cn/ICBC/EN/PersonalFinance/Deposit/CurrentDeposit/currentdeposit.htm

Personal service, China Construction Bank:

http://en.ccb.com/en/depositsservice/v3/20090615_1245049651.html?ptId=2&ctId=1

1. Opening A Bank account

International students can open an account with their passport at the counter of the bank branch. The specific procedures are subject to the regulations of the local branch. It should be noted that if the daily withdrawal or deposit of foreign currency cash reaches the prescribed limit, additional procedures are required.[32] Therefore, please reserve enough time to consult the relevant bank branches in advance before handling banking business.

2. Bank remittance Services

Bank remittance services include overseas inward remittance, outward overseas remittance, domestic remittance, intra-city transfer, etc. Banks have different requirements for different business procedures. Some banks may allow online transactions while others may require clients to bring valid identification and operate at a bank counter. It is recommended to inquire through the official website or by phone in advance. It should be noted that, additional procedures are required if the remittance amount of foreign currency exceeds a certain amount.[33]

3. Foreign Exchange Services

Foreign exchange business includes individual foreign exchange settlement, individual foreign exchange purchase, traveler’s cheque exchange and other businesses, which require international students to present the valid identification documents. It should be noted that annual quotas apply to individual foreign exchange, please refer to relevant provisions before conducting transactions.[34]

(II). Purchase of Immovable Property and Special Chattel

The latest purchase policy for overseas individuals is as follows: overseas individuals who work or study in China are eligible to purchase houses for self-use or self-occupation to meet their actual needs. Overseas individuals shall, in purchase of a house in a city, comply with the house purchase quota policies of such city. A Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan resident or an overseas Chinese shall be allowed to purchase commercial housing with certain square footages for his own living on China's mainland. An overseas individual can only purchase one unit for his own living. For specific provisions, refer to relevant legal provisions.[35] Regard to the special movable property, taking the purchase of a car in Shenzhen as an example, foreigners who have applied for a visa or residence permit in Shenzhen for two consecutive years and have resided in Shenzhen for more than nine months each year can apply for the increment index of ordinary car, hybrid car or pure electric car. For specific provisions, please refer to the Implementation Regulations of Shenzhen City for the Incremental Regulation and Management of Cars.

(III). Opening Securities Accounts and Other Financial Products

According to Article 20 of the Measures for the Administration of Securities Registration and Settlement (2022 Revision), foreigners, having met the requirements of relevant provisions, are allowed open securities accounts in China. Foreign individuals may invest in “B” shares or open an A-share securities account in China pursuant to the relevant provisions. Expatriates participating in the share option incentive scheme may apply to the securities registration and settlement institution for opening of a securities account. For further information, please refer to relevant legal provisions[36] and the official website of Shenzhen Stock Exchange[37].

(IV). Company Registration

Foreigners can register companies in China. China actively promotes foreign investment, protects foreign investors’ legitimate rights and interests, and implements pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list for foreign investment. The organizational form, organizational structure and norms of activities of foreign-invested enterprises shall be governed by the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (Amended in 2018), the Partnership Enterprise Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws. The special promotion, protection and management measures for foreign-invested enterprises may refer to the Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China.

Procedural Rules

(I). Foreign-Related Civil Cases and Proceedings in China

Foreign litigants have equal rights and obligations as Chinese litigants before the court. The provisions of PART IV of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China—SPECIAL PROVISIONS ON FOREIGN-RELATED CIVIL PROCEDURES—shall apply to foreign-related civil actions within the territory of the People’s Republic of China.

It should be noted that,

1. Foreign litigants in foreign-related civil proceedings shall be entitled to be represented by a lawyer or other litigation representatives, and may retain a lawyer of the People’s Republic of China or entrust their nationals to serve as their agents ad litem, or entrust lawyers of their home countries to serve as their non-lawyer agents ad litem. [38]

2. People’s Courts trying foreign-related civil lawsuits shall use language or text commonly used in the People’s Republic of China. Where a litigant requests for provision of translation, translation may be provided and the expenses shall be borne by the litigant.

Where the written materials submitted by a litigant to the people’s court are written in a foreign language, the litigant shall at the same time submit a copy of the Chinese translation of the materials to the people’s court. [39]

3. For issues of territorial jurisdiction, please refer to the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China.

For hierarchical jurisdiction, please refer to the Civil Procedure Law and the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Relating to the Jurisdiction over Foreign-related Civil and Commercial Cases (Effective from January 1, 2023)[40]

4. For laws applicable to civil relations involving foreigners, reference should be made to the relevant provisions of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Application of Laws to Foreign-related Civil Relations. If there are no regulations related to the application of civil relations involving foreigners in this Law and other laws, the laws that are most closely related to civil relations involving foreigners shall be applied. [41]

(II). Foreign-Related Criminal Cases and Proceedings in China

Where criminal responsibility should be pursued for crimes committed by foreigners, the provisions of Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China shall apply procedurally.

It should be noted that,

1. After a criminal case occurs, individuals with foreign nationalities may file a report to public security authorities, a people’s procuratorate or a people’s court.

2. The cases of first instance involving crimes committed by foreigners shall be under the jurisdiction of the basic-level people’s courts, except for those regarding compromising national security or terrorist activities, or those regarding a crime likely punishable by life imprisonment or death penalty, or those which fall under the jurisdiction of the People’s Courts at higher levels as stipulated by Law.[42]

3. The public security authority shall provide criminal suspects of foreign nationalities with interpretation services; and if the criminal suspect knows Chinese language and characters and does not need interpretation by any other person, he or she shall issue a written statement thereon. [43]

4. During investigation, criminal suspects with foreign nationalities, their custodians, and their close relatives shall have the right to entrust a lawyer to provide legal assistance, meet with the criminal suspect, file petitions and accusations on behalf of the criminal suspect and defend them in court, but they shall retain lawyers who have the qualification for lawyering and license for practicing in the People’s Republic of China. For specific procedures and requirements, please refer to the relevant provisions of the Interpretation by the Supreme People’s Court Regarding the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China. [44]

5. During investigation, with the approval of the public security authority, suspects with foreign nationalities in custody may meet with their custodians and close relatives and may correspond with the outside world. [45]

6. After accepting foreign-related criminal cases for trial, people’s courts shall inform the defendants with foreign nationalities in custody that they enjoy the rights to contact the embassies or consulates of the countries of their nationalities, to meet and have correspondence with their custodians or close relatives, and to request people’s courts to provide interpretation. [46]

参考文献/References

[1] 《中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理条例》第6条第11项。

[2] 北京大学深圳研究生院官网：https://english.pkusz.edu.cn/Campus_Life/Orientation/Before_You_Arrive.htm

[3] 《北京大学外国留学生办理签证手续的相关说明》：http://www.isd.pku.edu.cn/procedures/detail/206.html

[4] 北京大学深圳研究生院官网：https://english.pkusz.edu.cn/Campus_Life/Orientation/Before_You_Arrive.htm

[5] 同上。

[6] 《中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理条例》第29条。

[7] 《中华人民共和国入境出境管理法》第29条。

广东省人民政府办事指南：https://www.gdzwfw.gov.cn/portal/v2/guide/11440300007542689J3440106053005

[8] 《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第78条第1款：“外国人非法居留的，给予警告；情节严重的，处每非法居留一日五百元，总额不超过一万元的罚款或者五日以上十五日以下拘留。”

[9] 外国人签证延期、换发、补发审批服务指南:http://www.gov.cn/bumenfuwu/2019-05/05/content_5388784.htm

[10] 北京大学深圳研究生院官网《Can I have an internship in China during my holidays?》https://english.pkusz.edu.cn/info/1107/1906.htm

[11]《居留证件加注实习申请表》下载方式：http://www.isd.pku.edu.cn/information/Policy/detail/27.html

[12] 此处未检索到北京大学深圳研究生院的具体规定，可参考北大本部的相关规定：http://oldisd.pku.edu.cn/info/1492/6119.htm。

[13]《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第41条。

[14]《外国人在中国就业管理规定》（2017修正）第8条第1款。

[15]《外国人在中国就业管理规定》（2017修正）第14条。

[16]《人力资源社会保障部外交部教育部关于允许优秀外籍高校毕业生在华就业有关事项的通知》

[17] 根据《外国人在中国就业管理规定》（2011年修正）、《在中国境内就业的外国人参加社会保险暂行办法》。

[18] 广东政务服务网：https://www.gdzwfw.gov.cn/portal/v2/guide/114403006955832485344211178500104

[19]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第2条。

[20] 按照《中华人民共和国海关对进出境旅客行李物品监管办法》（海关总署9号令）。

[21]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第6条。

[22]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第4条。

[23]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第7条。

[24]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第5条。

[25]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第9条。

[26]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第15条。

[27]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第16条。

[28]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第10条：“可按照《住房公积金管理条例》等规定，在工作地缴存和使用住房公积金，离开该地区时，可按规定办理住房公积金的提取或转移手续。”

[29]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第11条：“可不受《关于规范房地产市场外资准入和管理的意见》中关于境外个人在境内购买自用商品住房需在境内工作、学习超过一年的限制，按照其他有关规定在境内购买自用、自住商品住房。”

[30]《外国人在中国永久居留享有相关待遇的办法》第8条。

[31] 首次办理外国人永久居留身份：https://www.gdzwfw.gov.cn/portal/v2/guide/11440300007542689J3440106045001

[32]《民政部关于办理婚姻登记中几个涉外问题处理意见的批复》，民〔1983〕民133号。

[33] https://www.msadvisory.com/social-security-exemptions-for-foreign-individuals-in-china/

[34] 深圳证券交易所官网：http://www.szse.cn/English/index.html

[35]《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法(2021修正)》第526条

[36]《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法(2021修正)》第269条、第525条

[37] 《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》第2条

[38] 《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部、司法部关于外国人犯罪案件管辖问题的通知（法发［2013］2号）》

[39] 《公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定》第362条

《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释》第484条

[40]《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释》第485条和第486条

[41]《公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定(2020修正)》第370条

[42]《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释》第481条

[1] Administrative Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Embarkation and Disembarkation of Foreigners, Article 6, Item 11.

[2] The instructions on visa application for foreign students at Peking University.

[3] The instructions on visa application for foreign students at Peking University.

[4] http://oldisd.pku.edu.cn/ORIENTATION/English/BEFORE_YOULEAVE_HOME/Visa_Application.htm

[5] https://english.pkusz.edu.cn/Campus_Life/Orientation/Before_You_Arrive.htm

[6] Article 29 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Entry and Exit Administration of Foreigners.

[7] Article 32 of Administrative Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Embarkation and Disembarkation of Foreigners

[8] Article 78 of Administrative Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Embarkation and Disembarkation of Foreigners: Foreigners residing in China illegally shall be given a warning; where the case is serious, a fine of RMB500 per day for each day of illegal residence shall be imposed, subject to a total fine of not more than RMB10,000, or the foreigner may be detained for a period of more than five days but less than 15 days.

[9] National Immigration Administration, Instructions on Visa Application of Foreign Nationals, https://en.nia.gov.cn/n167/n247/n10178/c68185/content.html (Accessed on December 4, 2022).

[10] Id.

[11] Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Can I have an internship in China during my holidays?,

https://english.pkusz.edu.cn/info/1107/1906.htm.

[12] We have not found detailed requirements from PKUSZ’s official website for this matter. You can refer to relevant law and PKU Beijing’s official website.

Article 41 of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administration of Embarkation and Disembarkation. See also, http://oldisd.pku.edu.cn/info/1492/6119.htm.

[13] Article 41 of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administration of Embarkation and Disembarkation.

[14] Article 8(1) of Administrative Provisions on Employment of Foreigners in China (Revision 2017).

[15] Article 14 of Administrative Provisions on Employment of Foreigners in China (Revision 2017).

[16] Notice of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Education on Matters Relating to Allowing Outstanding Foreign College Graduates to be Employed in China.

[17] Administrative Provisions on Employment of Foreigners in China (Revision 2017).

[18] According to Administrative Provisions on Employment of Foreigners in China, Interim Measures for the Participation Insurance of Foreigners Employed in China.

[19] https://www.gdzwfw.gov.cn/portal/v2/guide/114403006955832485344211178500104 Registration guidance for social security for foreigners

[20] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 2.

[21] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 6.

[22] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 4.

[23] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 7.

[24] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 5.

[25] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 6.

[26] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 9.

[27] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 15

[28] Measures on the Relevant Benefits for Foreigners with Permanent Residence Permit in China, Article 16

[29] Official website of Guangdong provincial government: https://www.gdzwfw.gov.cn/portal/v2/guide/11440300007542689J3440106045001 (accessed on Dec 10, 2022)

[30] Article II, Official Reply from the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Several Foreign-related Issues Arising from Marriage Registration.

[31] https://www.msadvisory.com/social-security-exemptions-for-foreign-individuals-in-china/

[32] According to Article 30 and Article 31 of the Implementation Regulations for the Administrative Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange, if the cumulative amount of cash in foreign currency to be withdrawn by an individual on the same day exceeds US$10,000, the valid identification documents and materials proving the use for the cash withdrawal and other relevant documents must be reported to the foreign exchange bureau at where the bank is located in advance. If the cumulative amount of cash in foreign currency deposited by the individual on the same day exceeds US$5,000, the transaction is performed based on the individual's valid identification documents, and the “Declaration Form of the Customs of the People’s Republic of China for Baggage and Articles of Inbound Tourists” endorsed by the Customs or the withdrawal slip of the cash in foreign currency from the originating financial institution where it was deposited.

[33] According to Article 15 of the Implementation Regulations for the Administrative Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange, when a foreign individual remits foreign currency overseas under the current account for payments, and the cumulative amount of foreign currency to be remitted overseas in cash in foreign currency exceeds US$10,000, the “Declaration Form of the Customs of the People’s Republic of China for Luggage and Articles of Inbound Tourists” endorsed by the Customs or the withdrawal slip of the cash in foreign currency from the originating financial institution where it was deposited will also be required for the transaction to be performed.

[34] According to Article 2, Article 11 and Article 13 of the Implementation Regulations for the Administrative Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange, individual sale of foreign currencies and domestic individual purchase of foreign currencies shall be subject to annual quota administration where the annual quota shall be the equivalent of US$50,000 per person per year; additional certification materials shall be provided where the amount of foreign currencies of a non-commercial nature under the current account to be sold by a foreign individual exceeds the annual quota; there are quotas for a foreign individual to convert unused Renminbi to purchase foreign currencies.

[35] [1] Notice for Adjusting Policies on the Access and Administration of Foreign Investment in Real Estate Market;

[2] Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and Ministry of Construction on Relevant Issues concerning Regulating the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Real Estate Market;

[3] Notice of Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development and State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Standardizing Administration of Real Estate Purchase by Overseas Organizations and Individuals.

[36] [1] Notice of China Securities Depository and Clearing Co., Ltd. on Matters concerning the Opening of A-Share Securities Accounts by Qualified Foreigners;

[2] Administrative Measures on Share Option Incentives of Listed Companies (Revised in 2018);

[3] Implementation Regulations for the Administrative Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange;

[4] Measures for the Administration of Securities Registration and Settlement (2022 Revision).

[37] Shenzhen Stock Exchange official website, at http://www.szse.cn/English/index.html

[38] Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China Article 526.

[39] Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China Article 269

See also, Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China Article 525.

[40] Grassroots people’s courts shall have jurisdiction over foreign-related civil and commercial cases with an amount of subject matter of litigation of no more than 40 million yuan of first instance; and Intermediate people's courts shall have jurisdiction over the foreign-related civil and commercial cases with an amount of subject matter of litigation of no less than 40 million yuan(inclusive). A high people’s court shall have jurisdiction over foreign-related civil and commercial cases of first instance with an amount of subject matter of litigation of not less than 5 billion yuan (inclusive) or cases that have other significant impact in their respective jurisdictions.

[41] Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Application of Laws to Foreign-related Civil Relations Article 2

[42] Notice of Supreme People’s Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of State Security, and Ministry of Justice on Issues concerning the Jurisdiction over Cases Involving Crimes Committed by Foreigners.

[43] Provisions on the Procedures for Handling Criminal Cases by Public Security Organs (2012 Revision) Article 362.

[44] Interpretation by the Supreme People’s Court Regarding the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (2021) Article 485, 486.

[45] Provisions on the Procedures for Handling Criminal Cases by Public Security Organs(2020) Article 370.

[46] Interpretation by the Supreme People's Court Regarding the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China Article 481.

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