特朗普面临迄今最严重的指控 | 经济学人
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英文部分选自经济学人20230802美国
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Donald Trump is facing his most serious charges yet
特朗普面临迄今最严重的指控
The Republican front-runner for 2024 is indicted for plotting to overturn his 2020 election loss
身为目前2024大选共和党内呼声最高的候选人，特朗普被指控密谋推翻2020年总统选举结果
Eight weeks ago, when charges were unveiled related to his mishandling of classified documents, Donald Trump became the first former American president ever to face a federal indictment. On August 1st he became the first to battle two sets of federal charges at the same time. The Department of Justice (DoJ) accused the former president of conspiring to overturn the 2020 election—a race he still insists he won—in violation of three federal laws. The new charges are the gravest to date against Mr Trump, and will inject yet more jeopardy into the 2024 presidential race.
两个月前，特朗普被指控机密文件处理不当，他也因此成为美国历史上首位面临联邦起诉的前总统。8月1日，他又成为了首位同时面临两起联邦指控的前总统。美国司法部指控特朗普密谋推翻2020年的大选结果，违反了三项联邦法律（事实上，特朗普如今仍坚称自己赢得了2020年大选）。这是迄今为止特朗普面临的最为严重的指控，也让2024年总统大选变得更为扑朔迷离。
As in June, it was the defendant who broke the news. On July 18th, in a vituperative social-media post, Mr Trump acknowledged that he had received a letter from the DoJ naming him as a target. When the indictment arrived on August 1st he likened the department’s actions to those of “Nazi Germany in the 1930s”.
和6月那次一样，这次也是特朗普自己爆出的消息。7月18日，他在社交媒体上发帖，骂骂咧咧地表示司法部邮来信函，将其列为起诉目标。8月1日，特朗普收到起诉书，并将司法部的所作所为与“20世纪30年代纳粹德国”的行径相比。
注释：
vituperative: uttering or given to censure, containing or characterized by verbal abuse. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) 谴责，包含言语辱骂
The new charges follow a lengthy process. An 18-month investigation by a congressional committee advised the DoJ to bring criminal charges. In December Jack Smith, who was appointed special counsel by Merrick Garland, the attorney-general, took up that mantle in what became an eight-month investigation of his own. The probe culminated in Mr Smith’s decision to charge Mr Trump with criminal liability for his efforts to remain in the White House despite losing the election in 2020.
这次起诉的背后是漫长的调查。一个国会委员会经过为期18 个月的调查，建议司法部提出刑事指控。去年12 月，由司法部长梅里克·加兰德（Merrick Garland）任命的特别检察官杰克·史密斯（Jack Smith）拿过接力棒，开始了长达八个月的调查。最终结果是，史密斯决定对特朗普在2020年大选落败后仍试图留任白宫的行为提起刑事诉讼。
Notably, Mr Trump’s speech on January 6th 2021, in which he urged his supporters to march to the Capitol and “fight like hell”, was not central to the charges. No direct link between Mr Trump’s words and the attack on the Capitol is alleged in the 45-page charging document. In fact, Mr Smith states that Mr Trump had a First Amendment right to express his views on the election, and “even to claim, falsely”, that election fraud was responsible for his defeat.
值得注意的是，特朗普在2021年1月6日的演讲中，鼓励其支持者向国会大厦进军并“殊死一搏”，但演说的内容并非指控的核心。这份长达 45 页的起诉书并未主张特朗普的言论与国会山骚乱之间有任何直接联系。事实上，史密斯认为特普有权表达他对选举的看法，这是宪法第一修正案所赋予的权利。他“甚至有权错误地宣称” 自己落选的原因是选举舞弊。
Rather than try to tie Mr Trump’s words to the rioters’ actions in an incitement charge, Mr Smith meticulously outlines how his efforts in the days and weeks after the election amounted to a conspiracy to defraud America, obstruct Congress’s official proceeding certifying the election, and deprive Americans of their civil rights by wiping away their votes for Joe Biden. Mr Trump’s claims of widespread election fraud “were false”, the document reads, and Mr Trump “knew that they were false”.
在此次的煽动罪指控中，史密斯并没有试图把将特朗普的言论与骚乱者的行动联系起来，而是详细地列出了2020大选后的数日乃至数周里，特朗普的一系列行径：密谋欺骗全体美国人、阻挠国会正式认证大选结果、侵犯美国公民权利（特朗普试图抹消他们投给拜登的选票）。指控书指出，特朗普关于大规模选举舞弊的说法"是错误的"，而他对这一点心知肚明。
As evidence that Mr Trump was aware that his loss was legitimate, the document lists a host of officials and advisers who told him the truth: that “various allegations of fraud were unsupported”. Mike Pence, the vice-president, is one. Others include senior officials in the DoJ, the director of national intelligence, senior campaign staffers, allies in state legislatures, and dozens of state and federal judges. People Mr Trump depended on for “candid advice on important matters” told him bluntly that his claims of substantial fraud were false.
为证明特朗普知晓自己落选并无猫腻，指控书还列出了许多官员和顾问的名字，他们都曾告知特朗普“各种欺诈指控都没有证据支持”。前副总统迈克·彭斯（Mike Pence）就是其中之一，此外还包括司法部的高级官员、国家情报总监、竞选团队的重要成员、各州立法机构中的盟友以及数十名各州和联邦法官。许多特朗普所依赖的、“在重要事务上可以提出坦诚意见”的人，都曾直言不讳地告诉他，所谓选举存在重大舞弊的言论是站不住脚的。
注释：
1.a host of: a great number. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
2.candid: marked by honest sincere expression. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) 坦诚的
3.bluntly: blunt, adj. being straight to the point. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) 直接
拓展资料：Trump "disregarded the truth" of 2020 vote, indictment says
https://www.axios.com/2023/08/02/trump-disregarded-truth-2020-election-indictment
The former president solicited a lot of help in trying to upend his electoral loss, the document asserts. Mr Smith refers—not by name but by their respective roles in the scheme—to six co-conspirators, including a quintet of lawyers. He did not announce charges against any of them. But he hinted that they should not rest easy. “Our investigation of other individuals continues,” Mr Smith said at a press conference, adding that the DoJ was “committed to ensuring accountability for those criminally responsible” for the events of January 6th 2021.
起诉书称，特朗普曾广泛寻求帮助，试图扭转败选结果。史密斯提到了6名共谋者，包括5名律师，但没有透露他们的姓名，只是指出了他们在特朗普计划中的角色。明面上，史密斯并未对这些人发起指控，但仍暗示他们不要觉得高枕无忧。史密斯在一次新闻发布会上表示，“目前对其他涉案人的调查仍在继续。”他还说，那些为国会山事件负有刑事责任的人，美国司法部“将确保他们受到法律的制裁”。
The calendar may have figured prominently in the decision to limit the case to Mr Trump for now. Mr Smith emphasised his desire for “a speedy trial”—presumably one that might be held before the November 2024 election. A half-dozen extra defendants would almost certainly have put that goal out of reach.
目前只起诉特朗普可能是因为时间太过于紧迫。史密斯强调，他希望案件能“尽快开庭”——也就是2024年11月大选之前；而如若再增加6名被告，这个目标很可能成为泡影。
Yet much could depend on the outcome of that vote. Even with charges limited to a single defendant and a quick schedule set by the judge, Tanya Chutkan, time will be on Mr Trump’s side if he wins the election. Sitting presidents are immune from criminal prosecution, meaning all Mr Trump’s pending trials and appeals—the two federal indictments, as well as state charges related to hush-money payments in New York (the Stormy Daniels case), and possible election-fraud charges in Georgia—would be placed on hold. Final resolution of his legal troubles could be delayed until 2029 or beyond. On the other hand, should Mr Trump lose again, the cases will proceed as normal. Fifteen months out, polls suggest that he and Mr Biden are neck-and-neck.
然而，很大程度上，一切都取决于2024年大选的结果。就算只有一个被告，法官坦尼娅·丘特坎（Tanya Chutkan）以足够快的速度推进流程，只要特朗普赢得大选，时间也会站在他那边。在任总统可免于刑事起诉，这意味着与特朗普相关的所有未决庭审和上诉都将被搁置，包括两起联邦指控以及数起州一级指控，包括封口费指控（纽约州，斯托米·丹尼尔斯案）和选举欺诈指控（佐治亚州）。特朗普的法律问题可能至少得等到2029年才能得到最终解决。相反，如果特朗普再次败选，相关案件办理将正常推进。离大选还有15个月，民调显示，特朗普与拜登的支持率不相上下。
注释：
1.拓展阅读
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-indictment-judge-tanya-chutkan/
2.time is on (one's) side
One has the advantage of having a lot of time to do something or wait for something; the amount of time available is an asset.
3.neck and neck: extremely close together; at or near an equal level. Usually said of competitors in a race or competition.势均力敌，不分胜负，难分伯仲
4.hush money: money paid so that someone will keep information secret : money that a person pays someone to hush something up封口费
5.拓展阅读
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-stormy-daniels-indictment-investigation-timeline-manhattan-district-attorney/
Eva，寻路中，偶尔怀念，时常向前
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观点|评论|思考
有关于特朗普的新闻占据社论版宝贵版面的次数已经有很多了。
什么事情，从原点出发去看，方向就很清晰明确；如果仅仅从局部表象来看，当然非常容易呈现出各种匪夷所思。美国目前情况便是如此：为什么一个总统候选人被指控次数越多、程度越重、罪名越多，反而党内支持率越高，越有可能脱颖而出呢？为什么特朗普的被指控就在其选民心目中几乎直接与所谓“民主党司法武器化”的观点相关联呢？
按照正常的道德逻辑来看，这是无法理解的。
但是考虑到特朗普的选民基本主要是共和党右派人士，从这个原点出发，所有的奇怪都是不奇怪的了。
其实，我们想在此再次给大家推荐一下，美社会学著作《故土的陌生人》这本书。因为看过书之后，便对当今美国政坛和社会的撕裂有了清晰的了解，同时也知道这种撕裂其实也不可能在短期中有什么根本的改变。
简单来说：由于各种原因所致的世界经济格局的变化，美国一些传统地区的传统产业逐渐出局。在这些产业中就业的白人群体主体基本是传统的共和党人，他们支持自由市场、是所谓坚定的保守派；而民主党人所热衷的全球化、全球经济贸易的合作、环境保护（被认为会影响企业盈利与发展，因而影响就业）、少数族群权利、大众医疗福利等等，仔细思考一下可知，没有一项是有利于这些传统产业、传统地区的保守人士的。因为，上述每一种议题的现实落地，或者会更利于其他人群排队位置优先于他们；或者将需要他们更多缴纳税款以支持政府的运作（而这些极右翼共和党人是支持减税，甚至可以接受政府部分或者政府本身全部停摆的，至于完全停摆之后的结果，他们也却并没有去思考思考），他们认为自己本就处于艰难时世之中，却还在勉力而行，现在却要他们去纳税支持其他、各种、他们认为本不该支持的那些人，这实在是不可接受的。
而再看看特朗普的MAGA系列政见，便与他们希望夕阳再起的念想要匹配得多，特朗普越非民主、越非法出位，便越与他们的理念中那不可能的可能越是相宜。在参选总统之前，特朗普本为一个政治素人，对这一切他当然是了然的。
所以，这就没什么好说的了。
具体的司法细节，如果时间很多，我们但看无妨，反正看看也就是看看；但是如果时间并没有很多，与本文相关的类似新闻，其实最多看个标题也就足够。
最后靴子落地是什么具体情形，事后了解一下即可。不过出于对美好世界的向往，我们也衷心期望美丽国能处理好自己的国内问题，并能富于理性地梳理和建设好国际关系，保持世界的和平与安宁。
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