美国的企业巨头越来越难以撼动 | 双语
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《经济学人·商论》2023-09-07
巨人的胜利
美国的企业巨头越来越难以撼动
从沃尔玛到通用汽车,老牌企业正在反击颠覆者
ATTEND ANY business conference or open any management book and an encounter with some variation of the same message is almost guaranteed: the pace of change in business is accelerating, and no one is safe from disruption. Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) have left many corporate Goliaths nervously anticipating David’s sling, and fearing the same fate as Kodak and Blockbuster, two giants felled by the digital revolution.
参加任何商业会议或者翻开任何管理书籍,几乎肯定会碰到同一个信息的不同表述:商业变革的步伐正在加速,没有人能免于颠覆的冲击。最近人工智能(AI)领域的突破让许多企业巨人紧张地等待着大卫的投石索,担心自己会像柯达和百视达(Blockbuster)这两家巨头那样被数字革命击倒。
“The Innovator’s Dilemma”, a seminal book from 1997 by Clayton Christensen, a management guru, observed that incumbents hesitate to pursue radical innovations that would make their products or services cheaper or more convenient, for fear of denting the profitability of their existing businesses. In the midst of technological upheaval, that creates an opening for upstarts unencumbered by such considerations. Yet America Inc has experienced surprisingly little competitive disruption during the internet age. Incumbents appear to have become more secure, not less. And there is good reason to believe they will remain on their perches.
管理学大师克莱顿·克里斯坦森(Clayton Christensen) 在1997年的开创性著作《创新者的窘境》(The Innovator's Dilemma)中指出,老牌企业由于担心损害现有业务的盈利能力,不愿追求能够使其产品或服务变得更便宜或更方便的激进创新。在技术剧变时期,这为没有这种顾虑的后起之秀创造了机会。然而,令人惊讶的是,美国企业在互联网时代却几乎没有遇到过竞争性颠覆。老牌企业非但没有被削弱,似乎反而更稳固了。而且有充分的理由相信它们将保持这样的地位。
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Consider the Fortune 500, America’s largest firms by revenue, ranging from Walmart to Wells Fargo and accounting for roughly a fifth of employment, half of sales and two-thirds of profits. The Economist has examined the age of each firm, taking into account mergers and spin-offs that make the group look artificially young.
以《财富》世界500强为例,从沃尔玛到富国银行,这些收入最高的美国企业占了就业人口的约五分之一、销售额的一半,以及利润的三分之二。本刊审视了各家公司的年龄,把合并和分拆等导致它们看似年轻的因素考虑在内。... ...
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