.NET 8.0中有哪些新的变化？

作者：葡萄城技术团队

链接：https://my.oschina.net/powertoolsteam/blog/10143465

.NET 8已正式GA

 

 

 

• 客户聊天机器人

• 检索增强生成

• 使用 Azure AI 服务开发应用程序

   

.NET MAUI 提供单一项目系统和单一代码库来构建 WinUI、Mac Catalyst、iOS 和 Android 应用程序。本机 AOT（实验性）现在支持针对类似 iOS 的平台。适用于 .NET MAUI 的新 Visual Studio Code 扩展为您提供了开发跨平台 .NET 移动和桌面应用程序所需的工具。现在支持 Xcode 15 和 Android API 34，允许您瞄准最新版本的 iOS 和 Android。在性能、控件和 UI 元素以及特定于平台的行为方面进行了大量的质量改进，例如桌面交互添加了更好的点击处理、键盘侦听器等。

 

int[] x1 = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
int[] x2 = Array.Empty<int>();
WriteByteArray(new[] { (byte)1, (byte)2, (byte)3 });
List<int> x4 = new() { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
Span<DateTime> dates = stackalloc DateTime[] { GetDate(0), GetDate(1) };
WriteByteSpan(stackalloc[] { (byte)1, (byte)2, (byte)3 });

public class BankAccount(string accountID, string owner)
{
    public string AccountID { get; } = accountID;
    public string Owner { get; } = owner;

    public override string ToString() => $"Account ID: {AccountID}, Owner: {Owner}";
}

• 作为 base () 构造函数调用的参数。

• 初始化成员字段或属性。

• 在实例成员中引用构造函数参数。

• 删除依赖注入中的样板。

using intArray = int[]; // Array types.
using Point = (int x, int y);  // Tuple type
using unsafe ArrayPtr = int*;  // Pointer type (requires "unsafe")

var IncrementBy = (int source, int increment = 1) => source + increment;

Console.WriteLine(IncrementBy(5)); // 6
Console.WriteLine(IncrementBy(5, 2)); // 7

[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.InlineArray(10)]
public struct Buffer
{
    private int _element0;
}

它们的用法与任何其他数组类似：

var buffer = new Buffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
    buffer[i] = i;
}

foreach (var i in buffer)
{
    Console.WriteLine(i);
}

// Sample class that contains a function pointer field.
public unsafe class UClass
{
    public delegate* unmanaged[Cdecl, SuppressGCTransition]<in int, void> _fp;
}

// ...

FieldInfo fieldInfo = typeof(UClass).GetField(nameof(UClass._fp));

// Obtain the function pointer type from a field.
Type fpType = fieldInfo.FieldType;

// New methods to determine if a type is a function pointer.
Console.WriteLine($"IsFunctionPointer: {fpType.IsFunctionPointer}");
Console.WriteLine($"IsUnmanagedFunctionPointer: {fpType.IsUnmanagedFunctionPointer}");

// New methods to obtain the return and parameter types.
Console.WriteLine($"Return type: {fpType.GetFunctionPointerReturnType()}");

foreach (Type parameterType in fpType.GetFunctionPointerParameterTypes())
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Parameter type: {parameterType}");
}

// Access to custom modifiers and calling conventions requires a "modified type".
Type modifiedType = fieldInfo.GetModifiedFieldType();

// A modified type forwards most members to its underlying type.
Type normalType = modifiedType.UnderlyingSystemType;

// New method to obtain the calling conventions.
foreach (Type callConv in modifiedType.GetFunctionPointerCallingConventions())
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Calling convention: {callConv}");
}

// New method to obtain the custom modifiers.
foreach (Type modreq in modifiedType.GetFunctionPointerParameterTypes()[0].GetRequiredCustomModifiers())
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Required modifier for first parameter: {modreq}");
}

输出：

IsFunctionPointer: True
IsUnmanagedFunctionPointer: True
Return type: System.Void
Parameter type: System.Int32&
Calling convention: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvSuppressGCTransition
Calling convention: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvCdecl
Required modifier for first parameter: System.Runtime.InteropServices.InAttribute

<PropertyGroup>
    <EnableConfigurationBindingGenerator>true</EnableConfigurationBindingGenerator>
</PropertyGroup>

以下代码演示了调用绑定器的示例：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

WebApplicationBuilder builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
IConfigurationSection section = builder.Configuration.GetSection("MyOptions");

// !! Configure call - to be replaced with source-gen'd implementation
builder.Services.Configure<MyOptions>(section);

// !! Get call - to be replaced with source-gen'd implementation
MyOptions options0 = section.Get<MyOptions>();

// !! Bind call - to be replaced with source-gen'd implementation
MyOptions options1 = new MyOptions();
section.Bind(options1);

WebApplication app = builder.Build();
app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");
app.Run();

public class MyOptions
{
    public int A { get; set; }
    public string S { get; set; }
    public byte[] Data { get; set; }
    public Dictionary<string, string> Values { get; set; }
    public List<MyClass> Values2 { get; set; }
}

public class MyClass
{
    public int SomethingElse { get; set; }
}

<PropertyGroup>
  <AndroidStripILAfterAOT>true</AndroidStripILAfterAOT>
</PropertyGroup>

默认情况下，将 AndroidStripILAfterAOT 设置为 true 会替代默认的 AndroidEnableProfiledAot 设置，从而允许剪裁已 AOT 编译的（几乎）所有方法。 还可通过将两个属性都显式设置为 true 来结合使用分析的 AOT 和 IL 条带化：

<PropertyGroup>
  <AndroidStripILAfterAOT>true</AndroidStripILAfterAOT>
  <AndroidEnableProfiledAot>true</AndroidEnableProfiledAot>
</PropertyGroup>

• 检索本地和 UTC 时间

• 获取用于测量性能的时间戳

• 创建计时器

// Get system time.
DateTimeOffset utcNow = TimeProvider.System.GetUtcNow();
DateTimeOffset localNow = TimeProvider.System.GetLocalNow();

// Create a time provider that works with a
// time zone that's different than the local time zone.
private class ZonedTimeProvider : TimeProvider
{
    private TimeZoneInfo _zoneInfo;

    public ZonedTimeProvider(TimeZoneInfo zoneInfo) : base()
    {
        _zoneInfo = zoneInfo ?? TimeZoneInfo.Local;
    }

    public override TimeZoneInfo LocalTimeZone => _zoneInfo;

    public static TimeProvider FromLocalTimeZone(TimeZoneInfo zoneInfo) =>
        new ZonedTimeProvider(zoneInfo);
}

// Create a timer using a time provider.
ITimer timer = timeProvider.CreateTimer(callBack, state, delay, Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan);

// Measure a period using the system time provider.
long providerTimestamp1 = TimeProvider.System.GetTimestamp();
long providerTimestamp2 = TimeProvider.System.GetTimestamp();

var period = GetElapsedTime(providerTimestamp1, providerTimestamp2);

static bool FormatHexVersion(
    short major,
    short minor,
    short build,
    short revision,
    Span<byte> utf8Bytes,
    out int bytesWritten) =>
    Utf8.TryWrite(
        utf8Bytes,
        CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
        $"{major:X4}.{minor:X4}.{build:X4}.{revision:X4}",
        out bytesWritten);

// Hashing example
if (SHA3_256.IsSupported)
{
    byte[] hash = SHA3_256.HashData(dataToHash);
}
else
{
    // ...
}

// Signing example
if (SHA3_256.IsSupported)
{
     using ECDsa ec = ECDsa.Create(ECCurve.NamedCurves.nistP256);
     byte[] signature = ec.SignData(dataToBeSigned, HashAlgorithmName.SHA3_256);
}
else
{
    // ...
}

namespace System.IO.Compression;

public static partial class ZipFile
{
    public static void CreateFromDirectory(string sourceDirectoryName, Stream destination);
    public static void CreateFromDirectory(string sourceDirectoryName, Stream destination, CompressionLevel compressionLevel, bool includeBaseDirectory);
    public static void CreateFromDirectory(string sourceDirectoryName, Stream destination, CompressionLevel compressionLevel, bool includeBaseDirectory, Encoding? entryNameEncoding);

    public static void ExtractToDirectory(Stream source, string destinationDirectoryName) { }
    public static void ExtractToDirectory(Stream source, string destinationDirectoryName, bool overwriteFiles) { }
    public static void ExtractToDirectory(Stream source, string destinationDirectoryName, Encoding? entryNameEncoding) { }
    public static void ExtractToDirectory(Stream source, string destinationDirectoryName, Encoding? entryNameEncoding, bool overwriteFiles) { }
}