波动率预测:日内数据显著提升预测精度
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本期精选论文
标题:Forecasting Stock Market Volatility
作者:Michael Stamos
来源:The Journal of Portfolio Management February 2023
本文在波动率预测的问题上,相对于复杂的时间序列模型,提供了一种简化的建模方法。 更复杂的模型,如自回归条件异方差(ARCH)和广义ARCH (GARCH),在以简单估计器为基准时,并没有提高美国股市的预测精度。期权隐含波动率数据的使用仅略微改善预测。 基于负收益和日内数据的模型与基准模型相比,在预测准确性方面有显著的提高。
正文
White noise:
Auto-regressive model:
Moving-average MA(q) model:
Auto-regressive moving average model:
ARMAX model to include exogenous predictor variables :
Any other function: With errors
Constant variance is a white-noise model with .
Realized variance , with being the number of trailing observations, is a restricted form of an model with .
Exponential variance with weighting factor is an case with .
model is an AR(p) model with .
is an model with .
White noise/Constant variance:
Restricted Realized variance:
Restricted ARMA(1,1)/Exponential variance:
Furthermore, we add five models to have parsimonious cases of the general model class , with being exogenous predictive variables
Asymmetric exponential variance: rent week number of year minus 26 .
Implied volatility: , with , with being the at-the-money implied volatility of S&P 500 options at close of day and the exponentially weighted average of single-day implied variances. The daily time series of implied volatilities is sourced from Bloomberg. Using option implied volatilities for forecasting has been studied before with mixed results. For instance, Jorion (1995) tested currency option volatilities without finding a marginal added value while Blair, Poon, and Taylor (2001) found that option implied data provides the best forecast accuracy among their set of tested alternatives. Christensen and Prabhala (1998) showed for monthly equity market data that option implied information improves volatility forecasts relative to pure historical ones. Poon and Granger's (2005) meta-analysis found that most empirical studies indicate that option implied data models dominate pure time-series models.
Negative momentum: , with mom mom denoting the exponentially weighted past average negative market return.
Intraday: , with , with being the realized variance of 10-minute returns on day and the exponentially weighted average of single-day variances. The 10-minute-wise S&P 500 Index time series is provided by Refinitiv. Previously, Blair, Poon, and Taylor (2001) tested the value of intraday returns for forecasting S&P 100 volatility and found it to be insignificant.
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