2023中国肥胖地图出炉！41.1%男性体重超标......

2023-08-22 07:08

中国男性中，大约41.1％超重或肥胖，而中国女性中，这一比例为27.7％。

该数据来源于一篇题为《中国肥胖患病率及相关并发症：1580万成年人的横断面真实世界研究》的研究报告，于8月17日刊载在学术期刊《糖尿病、肥胖与代谢》（Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism）上。

中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心的研究人员分析了2019年来自全国31个省市自治区519个某健康体检中心数据，涉及近1580万名成年人受试者。

Researchers from the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital analyzed data of about 15.8 million eligible participants from 519 Meinian health check-up centers across 243 cities in China.

图源：视觉中国

按照中国人的BMI分级，34.8%的人超重，14.1%的人肥胖。超重和肥胖在男性中比女性更普遍，男性超重的比例为41.1%，女性为27.7%；男性肥胖比例为18.2%，女性为9.4%。

As per Chinese BMI classification, 34.8 percent of the studied population was overweight and 14.1 percent was obese. The eligible participants were aged 18 or above. And 52.8 percent were male. About 41.1 percent of Chinese men were overweight or obese compared with 27.7 percent of Chinese women, and 18.2 percent of men being obese compared to 9.4 percent of women.‍

BMI：Body Mass Index，身体质量指数

按性别划分，男性超重患病率在50-54岁达到峰值，在55-59岁保持，而女性在65-69岁达到峰值。男性的肥胖患病率在35-39岁达到峰值，而女性在70-74岁达到峰值。

The prevalence of overweight peaked at age 50 to 54 in males and at age 65 to 69 in females. The prevalence of obesity peaked at age 35 to 39 in males and at age 70 to 74 in females.

图源：视觉中国

北京协和医院内分泌科教授伍学焱表示，男性更容易患肥胖的原因有多种，通常与生活或工作中的压力和情绪有关。

There are several reasons why men are more prone to obesity, with causes usually related to the stress and emotions in life or work, said Wu Xueyan, a professor from the endocrinology department at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

伍教授解释，长期过度的压力和负面情绪可能导致应激激素——肾上腺糖皮质激素的分泌增加，这些激素会对抗胰岛素并增加腹部脂肪积累。

Long-term excessive stress and negative emotions could lead to the increased secretion of stress hormone — adrenal glucocorticoid, which plays a role in combating insulin and increasing abdominal fat accumulation, according to Wu.

图源：视觉中国

为了减轻压力和释放情绪，男性常常采用不健康的生活方式，如饮酒和暴饮暴食，而长期的睡眠不足或不规律也可能导致男性肥胖。

In order to relieve stress and release emotions, men often resort to unhealthy lifestyles such as drinking alcohol and overeating, and long term insufficient or irregular sleep can also lead to male obesity, Wu said.

图源：dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

就地区而言，北方超重/肥胖的比例普遍高于南方，其中超重比例前三名的省份为内蒙古（37.1%）、山东（37.1%）和河北（36.6%）。

By region, the proportion of overweight and obesity in the north is generally higher than that in the south, with Inner Mongolia (37.1 percent), Shandong (37.1 percent), and Hebei (36.6 percent) ranking among the top three.

如何判断肥胖？

在本实验中，研究人员对肥胖的判断主要依托BMI指数来判断。

BMI（Body Mass Index）指数，即身体质量指数，是国际上常用的衡量人体胖瘦程度以及是否健康的标准之一。

Body mass index (BMI) is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of a person. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres.

在国际上，BMI的衡量标准为：

正常体重：BMI 18.5~＜24 kg/m^2

超重：BMI 24~<28 kg/m^2

肥胖：BMI ≥28 kg/m^2

肥胖会带来什么影响？

超重和肥胖者最常见的并发症（complications）是脂肪性肝病（fatty liver disease）、前驱糖尿病（prediabetes）、血脂异常（dyslipidaemia）和高血压（hypertension）。

使用中国人的BMI分级，超重者的脂肪肝并发症为49.0%，肥胖者的脂肪肝并发症为81.8%，前驱糖尿病分别为30.7%和36.9%，血脂异常分别为31.3%和42.4%，高血压分别为20.7%和36.9%。

相比之下，BMI正常者，最常见的并发症是前驱糖尿病（23.0%）、血脂异常（16.9%）、颈动脉斑块（carotid plaque）（14.3%）和脂肪肝疾病（13.3%）。

保持身材为健康

清华大学玉泉医院内分泌免疫科副主任李步满表示，由于不良饮食习惯和久坐行为，现代社会以腹部肥胖为特征的代谢综合征患者明显增多。

Due to poor diet and sedentary behavior, the population with metabolic syndrome, characterized by abdominal obesity, has increased significantly in modern times, said Li Buman, deputy director of endocrine immunology department at Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital.

伴随身体能量摄入与消耗不平衡而来的超重和肥胖问题并非无法解决，相反，它可预测，也可预防。