亚运会进行时！“战胜易，守胜难”怎么翻译？

战胜易，守胜难

It Is Easy to Win a War but Difficult to Retain the Victory.

取得战争胜利容易，保住胜利成果困难。这是古代著名军事家、政治家吴起 (前440?—前381) 提出的论断。从字面看可以有两种理解：其一，强调“守胜”“守成”的重要性：战争中取得胜利相对容易，而守住胜利成果比较困难。其二，强调战争中主动权的重要性：进攻者居于主动地位，取胜相对容易；而防守者居于被动地位，只有变被动为主动，方可取胜，故而相对困难。而由此又可生发出更为深层次的含义：其一，战端不可轻启，因为战争尤其是频繁交战对国家和民众来说都是灾祸。其二，要想长久保住已有的胜利成果，须立足于“礼义”等更为根本的要务。后世演变为“创业容易守业难”之类的话，用来激励人不要满足于已有的成绩而懈怠安逸，须不忘初心，胸怀长远，持之以恒，不断努力。

This is the proposition from a famous military theorist and politician in ancient times named Wu Qi (440?-381BC). Literally, the term is capable of yielding two interpretations. First, it emphasizes the importance of “retaining the victory” or “holding on to the result,” with the implication that it is relatively easy to win a war but more difficult to keep the advantage of a victory. Secondly, the saying highlights the importance of taking control in a war. A charging army has the initiative and therefore is relatively easy for them to win, whereas the defenders are in a passive position. They can only win by turning their passive position into an active one, and for that reason, they have relatively greater difficulty. Furthermore, there are two deeper implications embedded. First, never launch a war in a careless manner because wars, especially when launched frequently, are disastrous to a warring nation and its people. Secondly, in order to keep the victory in the long run, a nation should focus on more essential priorities such as “rites and righteousness.” Based on this expression, later generations have come up with such modified sayings as “it is easy to launch a business but difficult to stay in business,” in order to warn people not to be so content with what they have achieved that they become idle and indulgent in their comfort. Instead they should stay true to their original aspiration, aim high, be perseverant, and keep striving.

▌引例

魏征对曰：“臣闻之，战胜易，守胜难。陛下深思远虑，安不忘危……恒以此为政，宗社无由倾败矣。”（吴兢《贞观政要》）

Wei Zheng said: “I have heard that it is easy to win a war but difficult to keep the advantage of a victory. Your Majesty have profound and far-reaching thought and you never lose sight of dangers even in times of peace… If you keep governing with this kind of approach, then the country will never face the danger of falling.” (Wu Jing: Important Political Affirs of the Zhenguan Reign) 

大同

Universal Harmony

儒家理想中的天下一家、人人平等、友爱互助的太平盛世（与“小康”相对）。儒家认为它是人类社会发展的最高阶段，类似于西方的乌托邦。其主要特征是：权力和财富归社会公有；社会平等，安居乐业；人人能得到社会的关爱；货尽其用，人尽其力。

This term refers to the time of peace and prosperity envisioned by Confucian scholars when all the people under heaven are one family, equal, friendly, and helpful to each other (as opposed to xiaokang [小康] – moderate prosperity). Confucianism takes universal harmony as the supreme stage of the development of the human society, somewhat similar to the idea of utopia in the West. Its main features are: All power and wealth belong to the whole of society; all people are equal and live and work in peace and contentment; everyone is cared for by society; everything is used to its fullest and everyone works to his maximum potential. 

▌引例

大道之行也，天下为（wéi）公。选贤与能，讲信修睦。故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜寡孤独废疾者，皆有所养 …… 是谓大同。（《礼记·礼运》）

When the Great Way prevails, the world belongs to all the people. People of virtue and competence are chosen to govern the country; honesty is valued and people live in harmony. People not only love their parents, bring up their children, but also take care of the aged. The middle-aged are able to put their talents and abilities to best use, children are well nurtured, and old widows and widowers, unmarried old people, orphans, childless old people, and the disabled are all provided for… This is universal harmony. (The Book of Rites)

见贤思齐

When Seeing a Person of High Caliber, Strive to Be His Equal. 

遇见有德才的人，就要想着努力向他看齐。“贤”指德才兼备的人;“齐”是看齐，达到同样的水平。“见贤思齐”是孔子（前551—前479）对自己学生的教导，后成为世人修身养德、增进才智的座右铭。其主旨在于鼓励人们善于发现他人长处，激发内心的自觉，主动向道德、学问、技能等比自己强的人学习看齐，从而不断进步。它体现了中华民族一心向善、积极进取、自强不息的精神。

This term means that when you see a person of high caliber, you should try to emulate and equal the person. Xian (贤) refers to a person of virtue and capability；qi (齐) means to emulate and reach the same level. This was what Confucius（551-479 BC） taught his students to do. The term has become a motto for cultivating one’s moral character and increasing one’s knowledge. The main point of this term is to encourage people to discover the strengths of others and take initiative to learn from those who are stronger than themselves in terms of moral qualities, knowledge, and skills so as to make constant progress. The term embodies the Chinese nation’s spirit for good, enterprise, and tenacious self-renewal.

▌引例

子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。” （《论语·里仁》）

Confucius said, “When you see a person of virtue and capability, you should think of emulating and equaling the person; when you see a person of low caliber, you should reflect on your own weak points.” (The Analects)

至诚无息

The Highest Level of Sincerity Is Endless.

最高境界的诚是永无止息的。儒家认为，“至诚”是“尽性”的前提——只有“至诚”之人，才能透彻了解并充分发挥自己、他人及万事万物的固有天性或本质属性，使之达于完满境地。这是一个永恒的努力过程。在此过程中，人及万物皆得以成就其自身。

The highest level of sincerity never ceases. According to Confucianism, the “highest level of sincerity” is the prerequisite for “the development of one’s innate nature to the fullest extent.” Only a person of complete sincerity can thoroughly understand and give full play to the development of the inherent nature or essential attributes of oneself, other people, and the myriad things so as to reach the realm of perfection. This is an ongoing process of persistent effort. In this process, all people and the myriad things can achieve their own fulfillment.

▌引例

至诚无息，而万物各得其所是也。（陈淳《北溪字义·忠恕》）

The highest level of sincerity is endless, and all things thus play their proper role. (Chen Chun: Neo-Confucian Terms Explained)