AC · 创作丨La Borda 合作住房 ▶ Lacol

©Baku Akazawa

拉博尔达住房合作社是一个由住户自组织完成的开发项目，旨在通过集体组织的形式，将使用价值作为核心价值，并最终获得体面的非投机性住房。住房合作社的概念诞生于2012年，这个坎巴特罗地区的建设项目在旧工业区的复兴过程中，作为巴塞罗那桑斯社区的邻里街区和合作社组织结构的一部分，由当地社区推动。

La Borda housing cooperative is a development self-organized by its users to access decent, non-speculative housing that places its use value in the center, through a collective structure. The idea of a housing cooperative was born in 2012 as a project of Can Batlló driven by the community in the process of recovery of the industrial premises, and the neighborhood and cooperative fabric of the Sants neighborhood of Barcelona.

该项目地块性质属于社会住宅公共用地，租赁期为75年。项目位于宪法街，毗邻坎巴特罗工业区，一侧立面朝向拉博德塔区的现有社区。

The project is located on a public land of social housing, with a leasehold of 75 years. Located in Constitució Street, in a bordering position of the industrial area of Can Batlló with a facade to the existing neighborhood of La Bordeta.

该项目有三个具有代表性的基本原则：

There are three fundamental and cross-sectional principles of the project.

1.重新定义集体住房项目

Redefine the collective housing program

该建筑项目由28个居住单元（面积分别为40平方米、60平方米和75平方米）和一系列社群空间组成，使得住户的日常生活能够从私人空间向公共空间延展，以增强社群生活氛围。这些社群空间包括厨房兼餐厅、洗衣房、多功能室、访客空间、医疗护理空间、各居住单元的储藏空间，以及天井和屋顶等室外与半室外空间。所有这些功能全部围绕着中央庭院形成一个相互联系的宽敞空间，令人联想到“corralas（走廊式集体住宅）”这一流行于西班牙中部和南部地区的住宅类型。

The building program proposes 28 units (40m², 60m² and 75m²) and community spaces that allow stretching the fact of living, from the private space to the public space to enhance the community life. These spaces are: kitchen-dining room, laundry, multipurpose space, space for guests, health and care space, storage in each plant, and exterior and semi-exterior spaces such as the patio and roofs. All of them articulated around a central courtyard, a large relationship space reminiscent of the "corralas", a typology of popular housing in central and southern parts of Spain.

2.可持续性和环境品质

Sustainability and environmental quality

设计的目标是在建筑的施工过程和使用周期中尽可能减轻其对环境的影响，尤其关注如何以最少的能源消耗满足住户对舒适生活的需求，以降低居住的整体成本，并消除住户间可能出现的能源匮乏。我们坚信，实现这一目标的最佳策略是减少建筑所有环境因素（能源、水、材料和废弃物）的初始需求，特别是在能源层面，我们优先考虑被动式设计策略，以求对现有资源进行最大限度的利用。

The objective is to build with the lowest environmental impact possible, both in the construction work and during its life and, above all, achieve comfort in homes with minimum consumption, to reduce the overall costs of access to housing and eliminate the possibility of energy poverty among users. We started from the conviction that the best strategy is to reduce the initial demand of all the environmental vectors of the building (energy, water, materials and waste), especially at the energy level, where we prioritized passive strategies to achieve maximum use of existing resources.

3.住户参与

User participation

自我推销和紧随其后的集体管理意味着，未来住户在设计、建造和使用过程中的参与，是项目变量中至关重要且最具差异性的一项，我们有机会同未来的使用者们会面，并针对不同住户的特定需求拟定方案。

Self-promotion and subsequent collective management implies that the participation of future users in the process (design, construction and use) is the most important and differential variable of the project, generating an opportunity to meet and project with them and their specific needs.

在设计过程中，建筑委员会的沟通联络构成了技术团队和住户大会之间的纽带，实现了住户参与，同时委员会也负责建筑工作坊的筹备工作。我们曾开展模拟工作坊，共同商讨功能、项目策略、环境策略和单元类型，在项目初期举行过一系列相关的确认会议。

During the design, the participation was articulated through the architecture commission, which was the link between the technical team and the general assembly, and the one in charge of preparing the architectural workshops. We have conducted an imaginary workshop, program, project strategies, environmental strategies, typology, and sessions for the validation of the preliminary project.

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