AC · 创作丨萨拉文化中心 ▶ White Arkitekter

关于结构

Statement from engineer Florian Kosche, DIFK

竞赛任务书体现了业主实施“木材建设战略”的意图，希望在项目中广泛使用木材，这样既可以减少温室气体排放，也能使当地的木材工业大显身手。

The competition brief expressed an intention from the client to implement their “timber construction strategy,” and suggested extensive use of timber which would both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make use of the local timber industry.

我们简明扼要地保证：无论如何，我们都会用木材来建造。此外，我们在设计过程中针对出现的问题制定解决方案，而非只关注木构建筑常见的限制性条件，避免了建筑对话的局限性。

We simply said that no matter what, we would build in timber. Further, we did not limit the architectural discussions by focusing on typical limitations in timber constructions, but rather developed solutions to problems as they arose.

项目于 2015年启动，在当时，其庞大的规模与功能的复杂程度对于一个全木项目来说是难以想象的。事实上，为调整材料收缩量，单是楼板结构的设计就经历过多次修改。建筑的高层酒店部分没有遵循在实践上更为成熟的立面巨型支撑做法；相反，核心筒部分的墙体使用了交叉层压木材（CLT），通过将多层CLT面板粘合在一起，以实现所需的厚度。由于此类木结构建筑的核心筒通常由混凝土浇筑而成，这种方法缺乏实践经验。因此，在整个设计过程中，我们为寻求混凝土核心筒的替代方案耗时良久，通过大量分析和实践推敲建立起足够的信心后，才最终做出决定。

When the project began in 2015, the sheer scale of the project with its programmatic complexity was inconceivable as an all-timber project. In fact, the design of the slab structures was changed multiple times to adjust to contractable quantities. The high-rise hotel part of the building did not follow the more established practice of mega braces in the façade. Instead, CLT walls were used for the cores. The required thicknesses were achieved by gluing together multiple CLT panels. There was no practical experience with this approach, since cores in similar timber buildings are usually cast in concrete. Therefore, the alternative of concrete cores was entertained long throughout the design process, postponing the decision until sufficient confidence was established by analysis and practical considerations.

选用木材这一材料实现了酒店客房的预制加工与模块化施工。房间模块单元的堆叠固然简单，但需要配合开发全新的纵向荷载转移方式以达到所需的高度。这必须结合水平方向的连接方式共同考虑，以避免模块单元之间的噪声传导问题，以及预防风荷载可能对堆叠模块造成的横向移动隐患。

Timber enabled prefabrication of the hotel rooms and a module-based construction. Stacking room modules is simple but required the development of new ways of vertical load transfers to achieve the required heights. This had to be combined with horizontal connections that would avoid sound transfer between units and prevent lateral movement of the stacked modules due to wind load.

©TRYCK-JWE

关于立面细部

Statement working detail façade, by project architect Patrick Buchinger, White Arkitekter

在谢莱夫特奥，由于木材工业在本土的地位强大稳固，选择木材作为外墙和结构框架的材料，是再自然不过的。当然，这个过程中少不了材料优化的参与，以求在正确的地方使用正确的材料。

The choice of wood as a façade and framework material came naturally because the wood industry has a strong foothold in Skellefteå. Of course, material optimization was also involved in the process – using the right material in the right place.

从电梯核心筒和竖井到支柱和楼板托梁，几乎整栋建筑都是用云杉这种结构性木材建造而成。选择这类木材，是由于云杉原木中坚固板材的获取比率高于松木。此外，未经浸渍处理的云杉具备更为良好的防腐性能。

Almost the entire building is constructed with structural timber spruce, from elevator tower cores and shafts to pillars and floor joists. The choice of spruce came from the fact that you can achieve a larger percentage of strong slats from a spruce log than from pine. In addition, unimpregnated spruce is more resistant to rot.

©David Valldeby

我们选择CLT板材作为墙壁和楼板的材料，柱子和横梁则使用胶合木（GLT）。立面采用双层玻璃，作为对抗恶劣天气的额外保护。在夏季，它可以有效排出立面上产生的多余热量；在冬天，它则可以像温室那样利用太阳得热。这有助于改善室内环境，从而提供更好的能源解决方案。CLT板材将以与外墙不同的方式老化，外墙暴露在外，承受风吹日晒。木材不会以同样的方式变灰，这是因为雨水的影响会导致木质外墙的色泽渗出，并因而变得更加暗淡。

We have used CLT boards in walls and floors and gluelam in columns and beams. The double-glazed façade is intended to function as extra weather protection. In summertime it effectively ventilates the excess heat that is formed against the façade; and in winter, like a greenhouse, it takes advantage of the energy that comes from the sun. This contributes to a better indoor environment and thus, a better energy solution. The CLT panels will age in a different way to the façade, which will be exposed to weather and wind. The wood will not turn grey in the same way because the effect of rain on the external wood causes it to leach out and thus become greyer.

在酒店客房之间的双层玻璃立面上设置有一扇悬门，以消解酒店客房之间玻璃的反射。由于木材是一种有生命的材料，考虑到天气、风以及立面位置等种种因素，外部木质表皮会随着时间的推移而老化。立面木质部分本身仅使用超级木材（Superwood）方式进行处理，超级木材是一种无需使用重金属或有机溶剂即可有效保护木材免受腐烂和真菌侵袭的浸渍剂。

Between the hotel rooms, in the double-glazed façade, there is a pivot-hung door which will counteract reflections in the glass between the hotel rooms. Since wood is a living material, the external wooden façade will age differently with time, considering the weather and wind and the location of the façade. The wood façade itself is treated only with Superwood, which is an impregnation that effectively protects the wood against rot and fungal attack without the use of heavy metals or organic solvents.

©Åke Eson Lindman

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