AC · 创作丨SCION木材创新中心 ▶ RTA Studio & Irving Smith Architects

Scion是一家专门从事林业技术开发的皇家研究所，RTA工作室与欧文·史密斯建筑事务所受其委托，为这间研究所重新构想其位于罗托鲁瓦的总部建筑。项目坐落于华卡雷瓦雷瓦森林公园红杉林的边缘地段，中央创新中心将过去分散在园区周边较小规模建筑物中的工作人员凝聚在一起，同时也为园区创造了一个全新的到达点，以增强Scion对外界面的公共性。

RTA Studio and Irving Smith Architects was commissioned to reimagine the Rotorua headquarters of Scion, a Crown Research Institute that specialises in technology development for the forestry industry. Aptly located on the edge of the redwood forest in Whakarewarewa Forest Park, the project brings the workforce, previously siloed in smaller buildings dotted around the campus, into a central innovation hub while creating a new campus arrival point to strengthen the public interface for Scion.

伟大的图提阿塔之屋（Te Whare Nui o Tuteata）以图提阿塔这位该地区三个亚部落的共同祖先命名，设计充分展示了工程木材的前沿成果，不仅在美学层面上如此，更体现出它对零碳未来的重要贡献。三座胶合木“山峰”交汇为一体，傲然矗立于入口，代表着当地的三个“哈普”（亚部落）。游客从壮观的大门下方穿过，进入三层通高的中庭，在这里，将有精心策划的木纤维技术展览与咖啡厅欢迎公众的到来。随即映入眼帘的是高达三层、组成建筑物构架的斜撑网格结构。这些结构构件均由高性能层压单板木材（LVL）制成，利用燕尾榫接头，嵌合与胶接的方式将匠人精神体现得淋漓尽致。站在中庭向上仰望，较高的楼层用作开放式办公和协作空间，更为私密，声学设计也更为考究。

Named after Tuteata, an ancestor of the three local subtribes ‘Te Whare Nui o Tuteata’ is a cutting-edge showcase for engineered timber not only in terms of the aesthetic but what it contributes to a carbon-zero future. A trio of ‘peaks’ in gluelam timber, representative of the three hapu in the region, stand proud and tall at the entrance. Visitors pass beneath these portals to a triple-height atrium where a curated exhibition of wood-fibre technology and a café welcomes the public. Immediately present is the structural diagrid which rises three storeys to form the skeleton of the building. These structural elements are made of high-performing Laminated Veneer Lumber, and feature dovetail node joints which slot and glue together in an expression of craftsmanship. Looking upward from the atrium, the levels above provide the more private, acoustically considered open-plan office and collaboration spaces.

经Etool系统评估，Scion创新中心在落成时实现了隐含碳零排放。此外，为衡量全生命周期与末期碳排放值，经评估，新建筑实现了每平方米500千克的碳吸收量，符合英国皇家建筑师学会（RIBA）设定的2030年目标。通过使用由可持续栽培方式种植的松木加工而成的工程制品，并更充分地考虑建筑物的运营特性，该建筑物为新西兰的零碳未来做出了重要贡献，大大减轻了建筑在这片土地上留下的碳足迹。

As assessed using the Etool system, the Scion Innovation Hub achieves embodied carbon zero at time of completion. Furthermore, to measure all of life and end of life carbon, the new building was assessed to achieve the 2030 target set by the RIBA (Royal Institute of British Architects) of 500kg of carbon/ msq. By using engineered products made from sustainably grown pine and putting more thought into the operational characteristics of a building, the building significantly contributes to New Zealand’s carbon-zero future to leave a much lighter footprint on the land.

项目实现了任务书中提出的种种抱负，其中重点包括：

• 为Scion打造全新入口和公众形象

• 展示木材工业技术，陈列Scion产品

• 融入森林

• 承认该地区的文化重要性

• 创造符合当代职场的工作环境

• 聚合Scion各部门，更利于Scion与公共及商业合作伙伴建立联系

• 营造建筑体验与到达感，提升Scion形象

RTA Studio/Irving Smith Architects, were commissioned to reimagine the Rotorua headquarters of Scion. This Crown Research Institute specialises in technology development for the forestry industry and sits on the edge of a redwood forest.Key aspirational aspects of the brief achieved include:

• Creating a new front door and public face for Scion

• Showcase timber technology and exhibit Scion’s work

• Engage with the forest

• Acknowledge the cultural significance of the region

• Create a contemporary workplace environment

• Bring Scion together and better connect with public and commercial partners

• Creates a building and arrivals experience that will raise Scion’s profile.

回应任务书

Response to brief

通过慎重考虑建筑方位与选址、精心挑选材料（尤其是木材和基于木材的产品）、与当地部落密切合作、以及在创作思维方面推陈出新，设计实现了任务书中的关键要求。

The key criteria of the brief were achieved through building orientation and positioning, careful material selection particularly timber and timber based products, collaboration with Iwi, and innovative thinking.

经过一系列总体详细规划的探索过程，场地布置得到优化，现有的建筑群主要由办公室、科学实验室、车间和托儿所等功能组成，新建筑定址于其中心位置。

Off the back of a detailed masterplanning process which sought to optimise site effectiveness, the new building is positioned centrally within existing key buildings comprising offices, science laboratories, workshops and nurseries.

现存的Scion园区已有50年历史，显得老化陈旧，作为新的增建单体，创新中心在改善庞大场地中主要建筑间的邻接关系方面贡献良多。从建筑角度出发，新规划将现有的G座实验室迁至别处，为新的建筑平台预留空间，并大胆地把新创新中心与现有的H座（奥曼侧翼）、E座实验室、突发公共安全卫生事件控制点以及新近翻新过的L座办公室连接起来，精巧的建筑布局将整个园区联系在一起，增强了园区凝聚力。另外，这一布局还借此机会将Scion园区入口从萨拉街迁至提托克兰基大道，后者风景优美，沿线长满高耸入云的红杉，也改善了原本混乱的入口状态。如今，游客通过入口大门，创新中心就会出现在最佳视野中。

As a new insertion within an existing 50 year-old ageing campus, the building achieves a lot in improving the sprawling sites key adjacencies. Architecturally, the careful building placement consolidates and links the campus by relocating the existing Block G laboratories to enable the new building platform and boldly connects the new Hub to existing Blocks H (Orman Wing), Block E laboratories, triggering public H&S control points, and the recently refurbished Block L offices. This placement also capitalizes on the opportunity to shift the Scion entrance from the confused approach from Sala Street, to the more scenic approach through the towering redwoods along Titokorangi Drive. The Hub reveals itself to emerge in prime view as visitors pass through the entry gates.

©Patrick Reynolds

基于罗托鲁瓦的文化背景，该项目受益于与该地区三个亚部落的合作，他们是这片土地的主宰。

Within the cultural context of Rotorua, the project benefitted from collaboration with Ngā Hapū e Toru who hold mana over the whenua.

材料与细部设计意图

Material and detailing intent

建筑设计的关键在于如何解决与表达木质斜撑结构。三层楼高的层压单板木材结构构成承载重力和水平荷载的框架，斜撑网格清晰有力地向人们表明，木结构建筑无需像钢结构和混凝土建筑那样设计。

Key to the architecture is resolution and expression of the Timber Diagrid structure. The three level, Laminated Veneer Lumber structure, provides the gravity and lateral framework. The expression of the diagrid legibly demonstrates that timber structural buildings do not need to be designed like steel and concrete buildings.

设计的核心是利用斜撑构成的开放式网格来充分体现木材这一主导材料；在评估建筑物的碳足迹时，木材的数值呈负碳值。

The predominant use of timber illustrated primarily by the open mesh of the Diagrid is at the core of design with timber offering a negative carbon figure when evaluating the building’s carbon footprint.

其他主要木材结构元素包括：

·轻质复合交叉层压木（CLT）和层压单板木（LVL）地板系统

·地面层木地板系统

·三层通高中央中庭内的悬挑CLT楼梯构件

·改善声学表现、提高建筑性能的声学地板覆面

·采用简洁“钢钉板”接头的桁架屋顶结构

·双层CLT声学隔断

Other key timber structural elements include:

·Lightweight Composite CLT and LVL floor system

·Timber Floor system at Ground Floor Level

·Exposed and cantilevered CLT stair elements within the three-level central atrium

·Overlay Acoustic floors to promote acoustics and building servicing

·A simple ‘Gang nail’ truss Roof Structure

·Double layer CLT acoustic partitioning

建筑和室内设计的关键在于木质结构的展示与表达，让材料天然的一面在视觉上为人们提供温馨友好的氛围。隔音活动地板系统为管线的灵活布置预留了空间，从而充分展示了其下的CLT和LVL楼板结构。

Exposing and expressing the timber structure is key to the architecture and interior, allowing the natural aspect of the material to provide and visually warm and inviting atmosphere. The raised acoustic floor system allows flexible running of services through the floor space allowing the CLT and LVL floor structure below to be exposed and showcased.

全部木材组件的预制加工与周密协调是该项目落地的重中之重。层压单板木斜撑由限定数量的多层重复构件组装而成，通过这一举措来增强反复性，以简化加工和现场安装流程。

Prefabrication and careful co-ordination of timber components throughout has been key to the realisation of this project. LVL Diagrids are assembled from a limited number of repeating, multi storey components, to promote repetition, and to simplify both fabrication and site erection.

用于结构部件的辐射松木精心搭配当地种植的异国硬木，如用于扶手和靠背的塔斯马尼亚黑木，以及用于遮挡元素的维多利亚白蜡木。对各种木材的考究使用为室内增添了极具触感的一面，这使得许多游客在建筑物内部游览时，纷纷通过亲手触摸来感受丰富多彩的木材元素。

Structural Radiata Pine has been carefully paired with locally grown exotic hardwoods like Tasmanian Blackwood for handrails and leaners along with Victorian Ash for screening elements. The considered use of various woods offers an exceptionally tactile aspect to the interior with many visitors not being able to resist running their hand over the various timber elements seen through the buildings interior.

革新与创造

Innovation and creativity

经过广泛的原型设计和测试，项目最终实现了在关键连接处使用LVL结构节点的做法。这类结构节点负责传递荷载，并配置有应对屈服现象的“地震保险丝”，便于震后更换。这一简单的思维转换，将木质斜撑网格构件的结构尺寸减少了约四分之一，塑造出随着每层荷载减少而逐渐纤薄的精致转角处理。另外，将斜撑网格设计为一系列菱形和三角形组件的做法也不容忽视，这简化了预制加工和组装工序。

Extensive prototyping and testing have allowed a laminated LVL structural nodes to be used at key junctions. The structural node transfers loads and holds a seismic fuse to yield and be replaced after an earthquake. With this simple shift in thinking the structural size of the timber diagrid members has reduced by around a quarter, creating a fine edge that gets thinner up through each building level as the loads decrease. Key also is designing the diagrid as a series of components; diamond and triangles, to simplify prefabrication and assembly.

空间形式、结构和表皮与该建筑具有独创精神的可持续性举措密不可分。结构构件将管线系统和楼板布置组织起来，结合东向双层玻璃幕墙，与混合模式的通风策略在本质上相辅相成。大面积的玻璃窗提供了丰沛的自然采光，降低主动照明需求，而在立面上采用彩釉玻璃图案的设计策略则令人想起密林绿荫下柔和的漫射光，同时也对建筑物的热策略至关重要。彩釉玻璃结合低辐射性能玻璃以调节内部温度和热负荷，图案在北向和西向立面更为密集，彩釉密度亦循建筑高度渐变增加，有助于建筑室内气温的调节。

The spatial form, structure and envelope are integral with the building’s innovative sustainability initiatives. Structural elements provide an organising element for services reticulation and the floor plate arrangement, together with the double skin east facing glazed façade, work intrinsically with the mixed mode ventilation strategy. Extensive glazing offers an abundance of natural light to limit active lighting with the design strategy for the fritted pattern to the facade evoking the soft diffuse light of a leafy forest, as well as being vital for the building’s thermal strategy. Used in conjunction with low-e performance glazing to regulate the internal temperature and loads,the pattern increases frit density to north and western facades and alters in gradient up the height of the building to help regulate internal temperatures.

建筑的通风策略采用基于用户控制的混合模式，由交通灯系统提示用户何时可在其所在的热分区内切换主动或被动模式。办公室侧翼的双层幕墙用于太阳能预热，在冬季则用作去层理作用路径，供废气由三层通高的公共中庭返回空气处理装置，在无风道的情况下为中庭供应新风。

The building operates with mixed mode ventilation based on a user-controlled traffic light system which tells the user when to switch between active and passive modes within their respective thermal zone. The double skin office wings are used for solar preheating and as a de-stratification path from the triple-height public atrium back to the air handling plant in the winter with the atrium allowing ductless supply of outdoor air.

建筑采用低能耗照明和低用水量洁具，结合混合模式通风系统，意味着建筑物的模拟耗能仅为每年每平方米80千瓦时，用水量仅为每天每人12.6升，相较于同等条件的“基线”参考建筑，在建筑运营方面，其对环境的影响减少了34%。

Low energy lighting and low water usage sanitary fittings are utilized, which together with the mixed mode ventilation system means the building runs at a modelled energy usage of 80kwh/m2/year and water usage 12.6l/person/day which is a 34% reduction in operational impacts when compared to equivalent “baseline” reference building.

一种创新的CLT声学隔断系统专为会议室空间量身打造开发，以进一步展示CLT作为多功能灵活性材料的用途。将实木与隔音材料放在一起形成双层板材，这一构造可以满足所需的传声等级。会议室门自身也是由外侧60毫米CLT板材切割而成。门和墙板的整个外表面布置有简单图案，呼应斜撑网格结构的几何特征。

An innovative CLT acoustic partitioning system was developed for the meeting room spaces to further showcase the use of CLT as a flexible and versatile material. Put together as a double layer of solid timber with acoustic insulation between, the build-up achieves the required STC ratings. The meeting room doors themselves are also CLT cut from the outer 60mm CLT panel. The full outer face of door and wall panel has been routed with a simple pattern to reference the geometry of the diagrid structure.

服务台采用当地种植的辐射松木胶合板，这些面板经过数控机床的层层加工，形成有机的木材曲面形体，令人联想起森林中倒下的原木。

The reception counter utilizes locally grown, Radiata Pine plywood panels which have been CNC machined, layer by layer, to achieve an organically curving wood form, reminiscent of a fallen log in the forest.  

项目在与部落的合作中获益良多，并在主宰这片土地的三个亚部落授意下，最终将这座建筑命名为“伟大的图提阿塔之屋”。伟大的图提阿塔之屋这个名字承认三个亚部落的共同祖先图提阿塔的声望名誉，也象征着与提托克兰基这片土地的纽带。代表设计师格兰特·马鲁努伊为入口雨棚和整座建筑的玻璃纹样专门设计了具有毛利文化特色的图案。

Collaboration with Iwi was highly beneficial and culminated in the building being named “Te Whare Nui o Tuteata” as gifted by Ngā Hapū e Toru who hold mana over the whenua. The name Te Whare Nui o Tuteata acknowledges the mana of the tupuna Tuteata, from whom Ngā Hapū e Toru descend and the connection to the whenua, Titokorangi. Representative designer, Grant Marunui, contributed maori patternwork for the arrival canopy and glass manifestations through-out the building.

三层通高的中庭引向特别设计的木质天花板，这件令人惊叹的作品灵感来源于辐射松基因组的结构，照明设计则体现了玛塔里基的夜空。木质板条和胶合面板描绘出植物DNA条形码般的韵律。中庭天花板的灯具布置代表新西兰文化中尤为重要的玛塔里基星团，讲述着母亲玛塔里基和她六个女儿的传说。在当地文化中，玛塔里基星团的再现标志着毛利新年的开始。

The triple-height atrium leads up to a spectacular custom-designed woodenceiling inspired by the structure of a radiata pine genome with lighting reflecting the Matariki night sky. Timber battens and plywood panels in subtle tones depict the barcoding effect from the plant DNA. The arrangement of atrium ceiling lights represents the Matariki star cluster, which is treasured in New Zealand and spoken of as mother Matariki and her six daughters. The reappearance of the Matariki stars signals the beginning of the Māori New Year.

©Patrick Reynolds

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