伤医事件，英文媒体怎么报道丨写作素材积累丨医疗丨社会
7月19日，温州医科大学附属第一医院李晟医生在门诊诊疗中被砍出多处致命伤，抢救无效，不幸去世。“医闹”问题再次引发热议。
01
“医闹”怎么说
1）violence against medical personnels
China Daily：
The Chinese Medical Doctor Association issued a statement on Saturday condemning any form of violence against medical personnels and reaffirming their unwavering commitment to defending the dignity of healthcare workers after a doctor was attacked to death in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province.
中国医师协会于周六发表声明，谴责任何形式的针对医务人员的暴力行为，并重申坚定捍卫医务人员尊严的决心。这一声明发布于浙江省温州市一名医生遭袭致死事件之后。
personnels [ˌpɜːsəˈnel] 作复数时指 the people who work for an organization or one of the armed forces “全体人员，职员”，如：
sales / technical / medical / security / military, etc. personnels
推销、技术、医务、保安、军事等人员
unwavering 这个词由前缀 "un-"（表示否定）和动词 "waver"（动摇、犹豫）组成，表示“坚定不移的、毫不动摇的”，可以和 steadfast, firm, unshakeable 等词替换。
这个词是《政府工作报告》中的常客，如2019年政工报告中有这么一句话：
In the protection of property rights we must be firm and unwavering.
保护产权必须坚定不移。
其它搭配还有：unwavering support 坚定支持，unwavering faith 坚定不移的信念。
2）patient-doctor conflict
It is clear, therefore, that the avoidance of patient-doctor conflict is dependent on the extent to which doctors are capable of meeting both the information and psychosocial needs of their patients.
因此很显然，避免医患冲突取决于医生在多大程度上能够满足患者的信息需求和心理社会需求。
3）violent incidents targeted at healthcare personnel and facilities
一篇关于“医闹”的英文论文：
This paper attempts to fill this gap and to uncover the policy feedback effect in non-democratic settings by studying the Chinese state's repression of violent incidents targeted at healthcare personnel and facilities (yinao).
本论文试图填补这一空白，通过研究中国政府对医护人员和医疗设施暴力事件（医闹）的压制，揭示在比环境中的政策反馈效应。
4）Violence against doctors
《经济学人》标题：
5）medical disturbance
《经济学人》：
Every month brings more shocking stories. Chinese even has a word for it: yinao, meaning “medical disturbance”.
每个月都会出现更多令人震惊的故事。中文里甚至有一个词专门形容这种现象：医闹，意为“医疗纠纷”。
6）medical disputes
《经济学人》：
In 2016 the National Health and Family Planning Commission acknowledged that it had mediated more than 60,000 disputes.
2016年，国家卫生和计划生育委员会承认，他们调解了六万多起纠纷。
mediate 指 to try to end a quarrel between two people, groups, countries etc “调停，调解”，看个例句：
UN officials mediated between the rebel fighters and the government.
联合国官员在叛军和政府之间进行了调解。
7）assaults on doctors
China’s doctors have long worried about violence. In 2015 600,000 physicians signed a petition calling for an end to such assaults.
中国医生长期以来一直担忧暴力事件。2015年，有60万名医生签署请愿书，呼吁终止此类袭击行为。
8）violent incidents directed against healthcare staff and facilities
Yinao (healthcare disturbance) refers to violent incidents directed against healthcare staff and facilities for financial benefit.
医闹，即“医疗纠纷”，是指针对医护人员和医疗设施的暴力事件，其目的是为了获取经济利益。
directed against healthcare staff and facilities 是过去分词形式的后置定语，修饰 violent incidents，be directed against 指“针对”，相当于 be targeted at/against.
02
伤医事件产生的原因
1）原因一：医疗乱象削弱了公众信心
Hospitals, starved of government funds, began charging patients for treatment, and often resorted to overprescribing. Many ordinary people were unable to pay. This has created a “generalised sense of distrust” towards the medical profession.
Medical scandals further undermine confidence. A well-known case in 2018 involved hundreds of thousands of children receiving faulty vaccines after the manufacturer fabricated inspection records.
由于缺乏政府资金，医院便向患者收取治疗费用，经常过度开药，使许多普通人无力支付。这导致了对医疗行业的普遍不信任感。
医疗丑闻进一步削弱了公众的信心。在2018年的一起广为人知的案件中，制造商伪造检查记录，导致数十万儿童接种了问题疫苗。
be starved of 意思是“被剥夺、缺乏”，这个短语的源于“starve（饥饿）”的含义，饥饿在某种意义上就是被剥夺了必需品。
同义替换有：
1）Be deprived of
Hospitals, deprived of government funds, began charging patients for treatment.
2）Lack
Hospitals, lacking government funds, began charging patients for treatment.
3）Be short of
Hospitals, short of government funds, began charging patients for treatment.
4）Be without
Hospitals, without government funds, began charging patients for treatment.
charge 在这里的意思是“收取费用”，用法是 charge someone for something，表示向某人收取某事物的费用。例如：
The mechanic charged me $200 for the repairs.
修理工向我收取了200美元的维修费。
resort to 是固定搭配，to 是介词，后面加 doing 或 n.，表示 make use of sth, especially sth bad, as a means of achieving sth, often because there is no other possible solution"诉诸于某种方法/手段、采取某种方法/手段"，比如 resort to violence 诉诸于暴力。
overprescribe = over + prescribe，意思是"过度开药"。
A well-known case in 2018 involved hundreds of thousands of children receiving faulty vaccines，这件事我们当时写过公众号，传送门：《我们从疫苗事件中可以学到哪些表达》。
receive vaccines 指“接种疫苗”，此外也可以说 get vaccinated、be vaccinated、have a vaccination、get a vaccine、be given a jab 等。
黑心资本破坏了医疗行业的信用，却让善良的医生付出代价。
2）原因二：看病难
一篇关于“医闹”的英文论文：
This commentary investigates the factors behind Yinao to achieve a deeper understanding. Causes include a lack of trust in medical staff, fueled by costly medical expenses; difficulties in accessing treatment; poor treatment outcomes.
这篇评论深入探究了医闹背后的种种因素。其原因包括高昂的医疗费用引发的对医务人员的不信任、就医难以及治疗效果不尽如人意。
其他报道：
The shortage of medical resources and uneven medical standards lead to increased dissatisfaction among patients with medical services.
医疗资源的紧缺和医疗水平的不均衡导致患者对医疗服务的不满情绪增加。
fuel 在这里是动词，意思是“激起、助长”，这个意思来源于燃料提供动力的概念，隐喻“推动某事物的发展”或“加剧某种情绪”，可以用 inflame, exacerbate, stoke 等词替换，看两个例句：
The economic boom was fueled by easy credit.
宽松的信贷政策刺激了经济繁荣。
Progress was slow, fueling concerns that the stadium would not be finished on time.
进度很慢，加深了人们对体育馆能否按时完工的担忧。
accessing treatment 中的 access 是动词，表示“获得、获取”，相当于 obtain, aquire.
access 也可以作名词，表示“接触/获得某物的机会”，用法为 the access to...，这里的to是介词。difficulties in accessing treatment = limited access to treatment.
uneven 由前缀 "un-"（表示否定）和形容词 "even"（平坦的、均衡的）组成，字面意思是指表面不平坦的或不平滑的，引申为“不均衡的、不一致的”。看个例句：
The uneven distribution of resources leads to regional disparities in healthcare.
资源分配不均导致了医疗保健的区域差异。
increased dissatisfaction among patients with medical services 中，increased 是形容词修饰dissatisfaction，指“愈加不满”。among patients 表示“在患者中”。with medical services 是 dissatisfaction with 的搭配，表示“对...不满”。
3）原因三：医患信息不对称
The asymmetry of information and poor communication between patients and doctors can easily cause misunderstandings and distrust.
信息不对称，患者和医生之间的沟通不畅容易引发误解和不信任。
asymmetry [ˌeɪˈsɪmətri] 指“不对称”，前缀 "a-" 表示“不”“无”，如：
atypical（非典型的）
amoral（无道德的）
anonymous [əˈnɒnɪməs]（匿名的）
词根 "symmetry" 表示“对称”，合起来就是“不对称”。
4）原因四：患者预期过高
Some patients or their families have overly high expectations of the medical process and outcomes, and when results do not meet their expectations, it can lead to emotional outbursts.
一些患者或家属对医疗过程和结果的期望过高，一旦结果不如预期，容易引发情绪激动的行为。
outburst 指情绪的爆发，这个词由 "out"（外）和 "burst"（爆发）组成，形象地描绘了情绪突然向外爆发的情景。
03
如何预防医闹？
1）政府方面：加强安检及惩罚措施
In July Beijing’s city government adopted its own guidelines for hospital security, recommending checks at entrances and surveillance cameras inside.
7月，北京市政府实施了医院安检制度，建议在入口进行安检，在医院内部安装监控摄像头。
表示“实施(措施/政策)”，可以用 adopt, implement, put... in place, put... into practice 等词。
check 此处指「安检」，每次乘地铁前都要「过安检」，英文是 go through security check.
On March 1st, Shanghai became the first city to start a blacklist of people deemed to have engaged in banned behaviour in medical facilities.
在3月1日，上海成为首座发布医闹黑名单的城市。
became the first city to start a blacklist of people：成为第一个启用 XX 人员黑名单的城市。
deemed to have engaged in banned behaviour 是分词形式的后置定语，修饰 people，意思是：被认为从事禁止行为的人。
in medical facilities：在医疗场所
合起来：上海成为第一个启用「被认为在医疗场所从事禁止行为的人」的黑名单的城市。
简单说就是：上海成为首座发布医闹黑名单的城市。
2）政府方面：增加医疗投入
The government and relevant departments should increase support to ensure the rational allocation and use of medical resources.
政府和相关部门应加大对医疗机构的支持和监管，确保医疗资源的合理配置和使用。
3）社会方面：提高法律意识
Strengthening social awareness and education to increase public legal awareness and respect for healthcare workers is necessary.
加强社会宣传教育，提高公众的法律意识和对医务人员的尊重。
4）医院方面：加强医患沟通，提高医疗透明度
Enhancing communication between doctors and patients to establish a harmonious relationship is crucial. Hospitals should set up dedicated communication platforms to promptly address patients' questions and grievances.
加强医患沟通，建立和谐的医患关系是关键。医院应设置专门的沟通平台，及时解决患者的疑问和不满。
Improving the quality and transparency of medical services to help patients understand the treatment process and expected outcomes can reduce misunderstandings and disputes.
提高医疗服务质量和透明度，让患者了解治疗过程和预期效果，降低误解和纠纷的发生。
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