Stuttering (口吃)

A. Disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech (inappropriate for the indicidual"s age), characterized by frequent occurrences of one or more of the following:
说话没有正常的语速和流畅程度(相对于一定年纪而言),经常发生以下一种或多种情况:
  (1) sound and syllable repetitions;
  发音和音节重复;
  (2) sound prolongations
  发音延长
  (3) interjections
  使用感叹词(如"啊,啊,啊,,,嗯,嗯,嗯,,,,)
  (4) broken words (e.g., pauses within a word)
  词句不连贯
  (5) audible or silent blocking (filled or unfilled apuses in speech)
  语句中明显地停顿
  (6) circumlocutions (word substitutions to avoid problematic words)
  迂回或避免说某些引起发音困难的词
  (7) words produced with an excess of physical tension
  发音的时候身体很费劲
  (8) monosyllablic whole-word repetitions (e.g., "I-I-I-I see him")
   单音节或整个词的重复,如"我,我,我,,,,

B. The disturbance in fluency interferes with academic or occupational achievement or with social communication.
说话不流畅的程度已经影响到学业和社会交往活动
C. If a speech-motor or sensory deficit is present, the speech difficulties are in excess of those usually associated with these problems.
如果患者还有语言运动和感觉系统的缺陷,那么口吃的症状要超过由语言运动和感觉系统缺陷带来的障碍.