朱迪思·休曼的不朽业绩（含视频）

为残疾人争取权利的先驱活动家朱迪思·休曼（Judith Heumann）3月4日星期六逝世。她曾游说推动美国通过联邦法律《美国残疾人法》（Americans with Disabilities Act）和支持残障人士权利的其他相关法律。

哈里斯副总统在推特上说，“朱迪·休曼为所有人的尊严和自决进行了不懈奋斗。作为一位残障人权利的终身活动家，她为如此多的人铺平了道路——世界因她而变得更美好。道格和我向朱迪的丈夫Jorge及家人致以我们的祈祷。”

2015年，时任美国国务院国际残疾人权利特别顾问的休曼曾为ShareAmerica撰文，阐述残障人士受教育的权利。

请更多了解朱迪思·休曼以及残疾人权利的进步 (https://share.america.gov/?s=Heumann)。

朱迪思•休曼50多年来为争取残疾人的权利而奋斗。(D.A. Peterson/State Dept.)

我在纽约市的布鲁克林（Brooklyn）区长大，直到四年级以前都没有机会上学，因为我不能行走，需要用轮椅代步。

但是，我的父母坚决要我获得和我的兄弟们同等的教育，以便让我即使不结婚也可以自立（女性在当时通常不是家庭的经济来源）。他们与其他家长联合起来，迫使当地的一些中学做到让残疾学生可以通行。

后来，我经过奋争，成功地成为纽约第一位坐着轮椅授课的教师，在纽约执教三年。

教育是实现平等的重要因素：它为男孩、女孩和弱势群体，特别是像我这样的残疾人，打开了机会大门。

哈姆扎•亚卡（Hamza Jaka）和安珀•巴克利•沙克利（Amber Buckley-Shaklee）是两位曾在美国国务院实习的残疾学生。他们的经历表明，包容性的教育正在进步。

哈姆扎和安珀两人一直是在常规学校就读，这是法律规定，而我读书的时候还没有这样的法律。哈姆扎2014年从加州大学伯克利分校（University of California，Berkeley）毕业，他的同学当时对学校为他提供便利设施（例如用电脑参加拼写测验）感到不公平。安珀曾是伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校（University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign）的研究生，她在附近学校有几个朋友，他们被告知不能坐轮椅去学校。

家长和学生需要知道自己的权利。在美国，家长信息中心（Parent Information Centers）可以提供帮助。此外，在法律实施多年后，有更多的残疾学生从中学毕业，走向工作岗位或接受高等教育。

从1949年我患小儿麻痹症到今天，我们已经取得了很大的进步，但面前仍有很长的道路。我们的法律不是一贯得到应有的执行。在我努力争取平等和促进人权的过程中，我要告诉大家这样一点：残疾人应该与所有人一样享有同样的权利和机会。有了这样的权利和机会，我们能够而且的确使我们的社区、我们的国家和整个世界变得更好。

本文最初刊发于2015年6月18日。

https://share.america.gov/zh-hans/%e8%b0%81%e5%ba%94%e8%af%a5%e5%8f%97%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%ef%bc%9f%e6%af%8f%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e3%80%82/

The enduring legacy of Judith Heumann [video]

Pioneering activist for the rights of people with disabilities Judith Heumann died Saturday, March 4. During her career, Heumann lobbied for legislation that eventually led to the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, among other laws that support the rights of people with disabilities.

Vice President Harris said on Twitter, "Judy Heumann fought tirelessly for the dignity and self-determination of all people. A lifelong disability rights activist, she paved the way for so many — and the world is a better place because of her. Doug and I send our prayers to Judy's husband, Jorge, and her family."

In 2015, Heumann — then the U.S. Department of State’s special adviser for international disability rights — wrote for ShareAmerica about the educational rights of people with disabilities.

Read more about Judith Heumann and the advancement of disability rights (https://share.america.gov/?s=Heumann).

Growing up in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, I wasn’t allowed to go to school until fourth grade because I used a wheelchair and was unable to walk.

But my parents were adamant that I get an education equal to my brothers’ so I could support myself if I never married (women were not typically breadwinners back then). They teamed up with other parents to force some of the local secondary schools to become accessible to students with disabilities.

Later, I battled successfully to be the first person in a wheelchair to teach in New York and taught there for three years.

Education is a great equalizer: It opens opportunities for girls and boys, for disadvantaged people and especially for people, like me, who have disabilities.

Hamza Jaka and Amber Buckley-Shaklee, two students with disabilities, worked as interns at the U.S. Department of State. Their stories indicate that inclusive education is moving forward.

Both Hamza and Amber have always attended integrated schools, as required under laws that didn’t exist when I was in school. Hamza, who graduated from the University of California Berkeley in 2014, was resented by peers who thought the accommodations he received (such as having a computer for spelling tests) were unfair. And Amber, a graduate student at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, had friends at nearby schools who were told they could come to school, but only if they didn’t bring their wheelchairs.

Parents and students need to know their rights. In the United States there are Parent Information Centers that help. Also, after years of implementation of our laws, more students with disabilities are graduating from secondary school and entering work or higher education.

We have come a long way since I had polio in 1949, and we have far to go. Our laws are not always enforced as they should be. As I work for equality and the advancement of human rights, I want to teach this lesson: People with disabilities should have the same rights and opportunities as all people. Granted these, we can and do improve our communities, our country and the world.

This article was originally published June 18, 2015.

https://share.america.gov/enduring-legacy-of-judith-heumann/