澳大利亚战略研究院：ASPIs Critical Technology Tracker关键技术追踪

Critical technolog es already underpin the global economy and our society,. from the energy-efficientmicroprocessors in smartphones to the security that enables online banking and shopping,these technologies are ubiquitous and essential, They're unlocking green energy production andsupporting medical breakthroughs. They're also the basis for military capability on the battlefieldare underpinning new hybrid warfare techniques and can give intelligence apencies a major edgeover adversaries.

Just a few years ago, a nation could focus its research, resource extraction and manufacturing energiestoward its strengths with the assurance that international supply chains would provide the balanceof required goods. That world has gone, swept away by Covid-19, geopolitics and changes in globalsupply chains. Countries have also shown a willingness to withhold supplies of critica! materials asa weapon of economic coercjon, and an energy crisis is gripping much of the world as a result of theussian invasion of Ukraine.