“有利有弊”“利大于(小于)弊”的表达丨写作干货
应读者要求,今天我们讲一讲“有利有弊”“利大于(小于)弊”的表达:
同学们有想看的表达可以在下方留言区告诉我,我会按照点赞数量从高到低讲。
一. 有利有弊
“有利有弊”“利大于弊”这类表达我们几年前讲过,今天再补充一些:
01
double-edged sword
double-edged sword 是比较常见的一个说法了,表示“双刃剑”,《经济学人》一篇报道美国页岩油的文章中就用到了这个表达:
The shale boom could prove a double-edged sword for America.
页岩油繁荣对美国来说可能是一把双刃剑。
我们造个句子,比如谈到互联网的利弊、社交媒体的利弊,我们可以说:
The internet is a double-edged sword; it provides information and connectivity, but it also presents risks and challenges.
互联网是一把双刃剑,它提供了信息和连接,但也带来了风险和挑战。
02
a mixed blessing
blessing是“喜事”的意思,mixed blessing,混杂的喜事,有种“喜忧参半”的感觉。它的英文解释是:something that has both advantages and disadvantages. 我们可以用 a mixed blessing 来替换 a double-edged sword,让自己的表达再上一个台阶。
2023年11月2日的《经济学人》有篇文章讲到了中国app在美国的竞争,文章题目中就出现了这个表达:
Chinese apps are a mixed blessing for American big tech.
对美国科技巨头来说,中国app可谓喜忧参半。
我们造个句子,城市化可谓喜忧参半,一方面推动了经济发展,另一方面也带来环境问题,我们可以说:
The rapid urbanization of our city has brought about mixed blessings, as it has improved the economy but also led to environmental problems.
03
On the one hand...on the other hand...
这个短语常用来引出不同的、尤指对立的观点、特征等,可以用在“有利有弊”的语境中,比如,谈到科技对生活的影响时,我们可以说:
On the one hand, technology advancements have greatly improved our lives, but on the other hand, they have also raised concerns about privacy and security.
一方面,科技进步极大改善了我们的生活,但另一方面,也带来隐私和安全性的担忧。
04
merits and demerits
merit 指“优点”,demerit 指“缺点”,2023年1月的《经济学人》Letters to the editor中出现了这个短语:
As you said, both systems have their merits and demerits.
正如你所说,这两种制度各有其利弊。
我们造个句子,全球化一方面推动了经济增长,另一方面带来文化冲击,可以说:
When considering the merits and demerits of globalization, it is essential to examine both the economic benefits and potential cultural drawbacks.
类似的说法还有很多,比如 pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, upsides and downsides, benefits and dra
Born in Williamstown, Massachusetts, to an actor father and a journalist mother, Perry went to live with her in Ottawa, Canada, as a youngster after his parents split.
派瑞生于美国马萨诸塞州威廉斯敦,父亲是一名演员,母亲是一名记者。在父母离异后,年幼的派瑞和母亲在加拿大渥太华居住。
wbacks, strengths and weaknesses, positives and negatives, assets and liabilities, virtues and vices.
virtue 是“美德、优点”,vice 是“邪恶”,virtues and vices 这对搭配押头韵。
asset 本义是“资产”,引申为“优势”,liability 本义是“负债”,引申为“麻烦”。
05
be a help and a hindrance to sth
《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到了美国的药物监管问题,文章开头是这么说的:
REGULATORS can be both a help and a hindrance to the medical industry.
监管机构对医药行业来说既可以起到促进作用,也可以起到抑制作用。
help 和 hindrance,一个表示“帮助”,一个表示“抑制、阻碍”,这一对本是抽象名词,但在前面加上冠词a/an,就表示“具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事”了。比如:
surprise→a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事
enticement→an enticement 具有诱惑性的东西(比如,Honor of Kings is an enticement.)
success→a success 一件成功的事
……
help 和 hindrance 搭配使用,表示“喜忧参半、有利有弊”的意思,同时,它还具有修辞上的效果:这两个词都是以字母”h”开头,押头韵,富有韵律感。精确表达+修辞效果,让这个表达成为上上之选。
再如,2012年《经济学人》有篇文章,讲到了工人在工厂的工作环境,其中有一部分谈到了NGO(非政府组织)的作用:
NGOs can be both a help and a hindrance, reckons Mr Hassenfeld.
说到电子游戏时,很多人喜欢一棍子打死,认为电子游戏是成绩下滑的诱因。其实,责怪电子游戏耽误学习,正如责怪食物导致肥胖一样,罪魁祸首不在游戏,而在于我们人类本身。如果合理利用的话,电子游戏也会辅助学习。我们可以说:
Video games can be both a help and a hindrance to study.
06
X holds promise but also brings threats
我们在「年度盘点」课中讲过居家办公的利与弊,稳重有这么一句话:
This era holds promise but also brings threats, not least to companies’ cultures.
这一时期充满机遇,但也带来了威胁,尤其是对企业文化。
X holds promise but also brings threats 这个表达可以用在作文中,表示“X带来了希望,也带来了威胁”,我们以社交媒体为话题,用这个句型仿写一句话:
The increasing use of social media holds promise but also brings threats to mental health, as excessive screen time and online comparison can contribute to feelings of isolation, depression, and anxiety.
社交媒体的广泛运用,既带来希望,又隐含对心理健康的威胁,因过度屏幕时间与在线比较,可诱发孤独、忧郁与焦虑的情感。
二. 利大于弊
01
outweigh系列
这类表达最为常见,如:
pros outweigh cons
advantages outweigh disadvantages
upsides outweigh downsides
benefits outweigh drawbacks
strengths outweigh weaknesses
assets outweigh liabilities
virtues outweigh vices
positives outweigh its negatives
比如,在关于“人工智能”作文的最后一段,我们可以总结:
In conclusion, AI’s positives outweigh its negatives.
总之,人工智能利大于弊。
再比如,关于新能源的话题中,我们可以说:
In the debate over renewable energy sources, the benefits of reducing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels clearly outweigh the drawbacks.
在可再生能源的讨论中,减少碳排放,减轻对化石燃料依赖,明显利大于弊。
02
a net positive
net 作形容词,指“净”,比如 net profits 净利润。A net positive 就是“净积极影响、整体积极”的意思,也就是利大于弊。
我们看一个例句,比如讨论公共出行的好处时,我们可以说:
The introduction of a new public transportation system has been a net positive for the city, reducing traffic congestion and air pollution.
引入新的公共交通系统,对城市而言,利大于弊,减轻了交通拥堵和空气污染。
03
help more than they hurt
彭博社有篇文章讨论了电子烟的利与弊,题目是这么说的:
E-Cigarettes May Help More Than They Hurt.
电子烟利大于弊。
《经济学人》中也出现过这个用法:
But the new measures hurt more than they help small parties, and the pressure will grow over time.
但是新举措对小党派的伤害远大于帮助,而且压力越来越大。
我们在上篇文章《“有利于”还在用 benefit、be good for?丨外刊地道表达》中讲过,help 可以表示“有利于”,hurt 可以泛指“对...造成不好影响”,所以 help more than they hurt 可以理解成“利大于弊”,同时,这两个词都是以“h”开头,押头韵,读起来有一种音律感。
我们以“线上学习”为话题,造一个句子:
Online learning platforms, while not without challenges, help more than they hurt by expanding access to education, especially in remote areas where traditional schooling options are limited.
在线学习平台,尽管面临一些挑战,但利大于弊,它能扩大教育的可及性,尤其是传统教育有限的偏远地区。
04
the benefits of X justify the costs
《经济学人》中有篇关于应对气候变化的文章,里面有这么一句话:
In contrast, the researchers question whether the benefits of efforts to curb climate change justify the costs.
相比之下,研究人员质疑,遏制气候变化的努力所带来的回报,是否值得所付出的代价。
这句话的关键在于理解justify这个词。这个词在汉语中没有对应的说法,我们需要通过它的英文解释去理解:to show that sb / sth is right or reasonable.“证明...是对的/有道理的”,我们可以简单理解成reasonable, right. 这是它最基本的解释,在不同语境下,可以翻译成不同的意思。
比如,房价过高,令很多家庭难以承受,我们可以说:
The high housing prices cannot be justified.
中国房价贵得不合理。(cannot be justified = unreasonable)
再比如,《经济学人》官网的博客专栏The Economist explains中有篇文章分析了中国为什么要放宽独生子女政策,里面有这么一句话:
The increasingly high cost of a few extra square feet of housing, not to mention of providing a good education, also makes it economically harder to justify more children.
增加几平方英尺的住房成本变得越来越高,更不用说提供良好的教育了,这也使得要更多孩子在经济上变得更加困难。
justify more children可以理解成make raising more children sound reasonable.
文中 the benefits of...justify the costs 可以先从字面角度去理解:...的好处使其成本变得合理,也就是说,好处多、成本小,即“利大于弊”。
反之,表达“弊大于利”时,可以说:the risks to X cannot justify the benefits,比如《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到了基因编辑婴儿的实验,文中有句话是这么评价基因编辑技术的:
The technology is so new that the risks to human subjects cannot possibly justify the benefits.
该技术十分前卫,它对人类所带来的风险远远大于收益。
the risks to human subjects cannot possibly justify the benefits的意思是,人类所面临的风险不能使其收益看上去更合理,也就是说,风险太大,收益太小,简而言之,就是“弊大于利”。
今天就到这里啦!大家还有哪些想看的,可以在留言区告诉我,我会按照点赞数量从高到低讲解。
希望对大家有帮助,感谢阅读!
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