“19岁男孩患阿尔茨海默症”上热搜，网友慌了：我也有这症状……

2023-02-07 12:02

近日，一篇由首都医科大学宣武医院贾建平团队撰写的论文，发表在国际知名阿尔茨海默症研究刊物上，文中介绍，一名来医院就诊的19岁男孩被临床诊断为阿尔茨海默症（Alzheimer's Disease，AD）患者。

Chinese researchers have described what they claim is the world's youngest Alzheimer's patient, a 19-year-old in Beijing, as an "intriguing" discovery that could shed light on the evolution of the disease that mostly affects the elderly.

论文作者之一、宣武医院神经内科主任医师贾龙飞介绍，该病例的情况非常罕见，以至于他一度不敢相信检查的结果。

论文相关截图

文章显示，这名患者自17岁开始出现记忆失常，19岁时被诊断出患有阿尔茨海默症。患者最开始表现为学习时难以集中注意力，一年之后短期记忆丧失明显，甚至无法回忆前一天发生的事情。同时，其记不住个人物品存放位置，出现阅读困难，反应迟缓等现象。

后来，患者的记忆力进一步下降，甚至连是否吃过东西都想不起来。最终，患者无法完成学业，不得不从高中辍学。

The young patient first experienced difficulties concentrating when he was 17 and began to struggle with short-term memory loss, such as the inability to recall the previous days' events or where he'd left personal belongings, according to a study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, an international peer-reviewed journal, on Jan 31.

The study found that the patient's memory continued to worsen, and he often misplaced items and even had trouble remembering whether he had eaten. He dropped out of school due to his condition, but was still able to live on his own.

贾建平团队对该患者进行诊治的过程中发现，患者的主要表现为记忆衰退，尤其是情景性记忆，韦氏记忆量表和听觉词语学习测验评估也支持了这一结果。

此外，该患者没有家族遗传病史，找不到其他引起记忆障碍的病因如遗传、感染和系统性疾病。经过全基因组测序，未发现该患者携带任何风险或致病基因突变，排除了家族性AD的可能，其发病机制尚需进一步研究。

研究小组对此病例的诊断为“疑似AD”，原因是仍有部分评估结果不符合AD的国际公认诊断标准（NIA-AA）。此外，该文章也提出了此项研究的局限性，由于患者比较年轻，不能接受大脑活检，需要长期随访进一步支持该团队的诊断。

图源：视觉中国

网友：自己也很健忘

话题#19岁男孩患阿尔茨海默症#登上热搜后，引发了网友热议。有网友表示，自己虽然很年轻，却可能也患有此病。

还有网友猜测越来越多年轻人患上阿尔茨海默症的可能原因。

对此，贾龙飞表示市民不必对此过度担忧。实际上记忆和很多因素有关，绝大多数人“忘事”往往是功能性的，并不是大脑真的出了什么问题。对于大多数人来说，选择良好的生活习惯，规律作息就足够了。

什么是阿尔茨海默症？

阿尔茨海默症是一种导致痴呆的进行性神经退行性疾病。自1906年报道第一例病例以来，一直被认为是个老年病。

其症状包括起床缓慢，逐渐丧失认知、记忆和语言能力，随着时间的推移，精神障碍会加重，最终导致生活不能自理。目前很难治疗这种疾病。

Since the first case of AD was reported in 1906, it has been widely believed that AD mainly occurs in the elderly. AD is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with slow onset and gradual loss of cognition, memory and speech and an increase in mental disorders over time, eventually leading to inability to take care of oneself. It is currently difficult to treat the disease.

阿尔茨海默症的早期症状图源：视觉中国

据环球时报，中日友好医院神经科主任医师彭丹涛表示，阿尔茨海默症患者有两类，包括家族性和散发性。前者占15%，患者发病年龄偏轻，一般50多岁起病，极少数二三十岁时会出现症状，后者占85%，多见于65岁以上人群，80岁以上高龄老人中约1/5会罹患这种病。

There are two types of AD, familial and sporadic, Peng Dantao, chief physician of the Neurology Department of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital told the Global Times.

About 15 percent of AD patients have the familial type and the age of onset is generally when people are in their 50s. Very few develop symptoms in their 20 or 30s. Most AD cases are sporadic, and it is most common in people over 65. It affects about a fifth of those over 80, Peng said.

彭丹涛表示，阿尔茨海默症的主要表现包括记忆力下降、执行力下降原来会的事情变得困难，以及对危险事情的辨别能力下降。其危险因素较多，抽烟、酗酒、熬夜等不健康的生活方式，以及孤独、焦虑、抑郁、失眠等心理问题都会增加患病风险，但确切的病因目前尚不明确。