绝代佳人吉娜·劳洛勃丽吉达 | 经济学人讣告

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2023-02-11 00:02

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Gina Lollobrigida

吉娜·劳洛勃丽吉达

英文部分选自经济学人20230204期讣告

Gina Lollobrigida

吉娜·劳洛勃丽吉达

Wasp-waisted workhorse

柳腰轻轻，业业兢兢

Gina Lollobrigida, once dubbed the most beautiful woman in the world, died on January 16th, aged 95

绝代佳人吉娜·劳洛勃丽吉达于2023年1月16日去世，享年95岁。

In 1958 Orson Welles made a short black-and-white documentary about Gina Lollobrigida, who had just turned 30. The cigar-chomping American director, whose wife was Italian, confessed that he had long been fascinated how in the torn-blouse iconography of post-war cinema, Italian women surpassed all others at raising, as he put it, the standard of glorious improbability in silhouettes. In a nation of fabulous females, he reckoned Gina was the most fabulous of all.

1958年，吉娜·劳洛勃丽吉达刚满30岁，奥尔逊·威尔斯（Orson Welles）为她拍摄了一部黑白纪录短片。这位爱抽雪茄、娶了意大利太太的美国导演坦言，二战后的电影里凌乱罗衫的人物形象中，意大利女演员独领风骚。用他的话说，意大利女性抬高了曼妙身形的门槛，让他久久为之痴迷。在意大利这个女神遍地的国度中，吉娜是他眼中最美的缪斯。

But (there had to be a but), she also had a mind of her own. It wasn’t so much that she had dreams and wanted to express herself, she was ambitious. A loner as a child despite having three sisters, she focused on her plans rather than her playmates. As soon as she could, she left her native town. Up and up and up did Gina keep going, Welles tutted, his voice thick with cigar smoke and patronising disdain. His documentary was never broadcast; the only print went missing for nearly three decades. But years later, after it was rediscovered and finally screened in Italy, this fabulous female became so enraged at his portrayal of her that she persuaded the authorities to ban it.

但是（故事总要有一个转折），吉娜除了美貌，还有头脑。她可不是有梦想、想要表现自己这么简单，她是野心勃勃。虽然有三个姐妹，但她从小就独来独往，专注于自己的规划，而不太关心身边的玩伴。一有机会她就离开了自己的家乡。吉娜在事业上一路上升，威尔斯在影片里啧啧说道，雪茄嗓里充满居高临下的不屑。威尔斯的纪录片从未公开放映，唯一的拷贝也失踪了近三十年。多年以后，这部影片被再次发现，并在意大利放映；然而，威尔斯对吉娜的刻画却让她非常愤怒，在她的说服下，主管当局从此禁放此片。

She was born in the same hilly town east of Rome as Lucrezia Borgia. Not yet 13 when Italy joined the second world war, she saw her home bombed by the Allies. Her father, a furniture-maker, lost all his stock in an air raid and the family fled to Rome where they lived in a single room. After school she would take lessons in singing, dancing and drawing—supplementing the family income with sketches of American GIs and modelling for photo comics known as fumetti. Before long, she entered for a Miss Rome beauty contest and won, and then was a runner-up for the title of Miss Italy. In 1950, when she was 23, she was cast as a beauty contestant in a film called “Miss Italia”.

她出生在罗马东部的一个丘陵小镇上，和卢克雷齐娅·博尔贾是同乡。意大利加入第二次世界大战时，她还不到13岁，亲眼目睹自己的家遭到盟军轰炸。她的父亲是一名家具制造商，在一次空袭后失去了所有的库存。之后他们逃到罗马，全家人挤在一个单间里生活。放学后，她还去学唱歌、跳舞和绘画，为美国大兵画素描、给影像漫画当模特，以此贴补家用。不久后，她参加罗马小姐选美比赛，并成功获胜，随后在意大利小姐比赛中斩获亚军。1950年，时年23岁的她参演电影《意大利小姐》，在片中饰演一位选美选手。

注：

卢克雷齐娅·博尔贾（Lucrezia Borgia，1480-1519），亚历山大六世教皇之女，曾任梵蒂冈宗座（政府首脑）。

Italy, in the immediate post-war years, was rebuilding its shattered towns and villages, but also creating a new future in the film lots known as Cinecittà. On set she gained a reputation for diligently learning her scripts and being unusually hard-nosed about money. Studio executives asked her mother to convince her to accept a part, saying they would pay her a thousand lire. She countered, insisting her price was a million. Of course, they said, and soon she was shooting a new film each month.

二战后的头几年，意大利不仅在重建被战争破坏的城镇和村庄，也在名为Cinecittà的影视基地开创新的未来。在片场，吉娜以刻苦钻研剧本，对片酬的态度异常强硬而闻名。电影公司经理曾请求她的母亲说服她接受一个角色，说会出一千里拉的片酬。但她拒绝了，并坚持要求一百万的片酬。制片人答应了；不久之后，吉娜每个月都在拍摄新片。

It was a studio photograph of her in a bikini that he saw in a magazine, rather than her screen presence, that caught the eye of Howard Hughes. The businessman turned film producer, who had recently acquired RKO Pictures and liked to cast women he was pursuing in films, summoned her to a screen test in Los Angeles. She asked if she could bring her new husband, but she flew on alone when the couple discovered at Rome airport that Hughes had sent only one air ticket.

可令霍华德·休斯眼前一亮的不是吉娜的荧幕形象，而是杂志上的一张棚拍比基尼照片。休斯刚刚收购了雷电华影业，从商界大佬转型为电影制片人。他喜欢让自己正在追求的女性参演电影，便通知吉娜到洛杉矶试镜。吉娜新婚燕尔，便询问能否携夫同往。不过，最终只有吉娜一人登机，因为夫妇俩抵达罗马机场时才发现休斯只给了一张机票。

注：

霍华德·休斯（Howard Hughes，1905-1976），美国飞行员、企业家、导演、演员。著名的商业大亨和投资人，现代航空航天的先驱之一。

The tycoon put her up for two months in a hotel suite, with a secretary, a chauffeur and an English teacher. She wasn’t allowed out except in Hughes’s company; he took her to cheap restaurants and taught her how to swear. Desperate to go home, she eventually signed a contract, but only learned later that it precluded her from making a film with any other studio in America.

休斯让吉娜在酒店套房里住了两个月，身边只有秘书、司机和英文教师。除非有休斯相伴，否则不许吉娜出门；即使出门，两人也是去廉价餐馆，吉娜还从休斯那里学会了骂人。归心似箭的吉娜最终与休斯签下合约，可直到后来，她才知道这纸合约使她无法与美国其他电影公司合作。

She could star in American films if they were shot abroad, and eventually she was in such demand that MGM was prepared to pay the $75,000 fine that was demanded for breach of contract if she returned to make a film in the United States. American studios mostly cast her as a foxy temptress or exotic fantasy; the Queen of Sheba in “Solomon and Sheba” with Yul Brynner or Esmeralda in “The Hunchback of Notre Dame” with Anthony Quinn. But that was to misunderstand her irrepressibly, impenitently Italian nature: hard-working, stubborn and self-willed, but also unbroken.

只有拍摄地点不在美国境内的情况下，吉娜才能出演美国电影。后来，吉娜片约不断，米高梅电影公司甚至计划支付75000美元的违约金，只为让她在美国本土拍摄。吉娜在这些美国电影中出演的角色大多是性感尤物或异域美人，例如在尤·伯连纳（Yul Brynner）主演的《新所罗门王》中出演示巴女王，在安东尼·奎恩（Anthony Quinn）主演的1956年版《巴黎圣母院》中出演爱斯美拉达。如果认为人如其角色，便误解了吉娜骨子里的热烈奔放、桀骜不驯。她勤奋、坚定，以自己的意志为导向，更不会轻易被击垮。

She may have lacked the wiles and vulnerability that would have made her a finer actress, but her essential Italianness led her to turn her back on Hollywood and embrace the work of her own countrymen, even if Hughes continued for more than a decade to dispatch lawyers to Italy to persuade her to divorce. They would ring the doorbell at the family villa on the outskirts of Rome and end up playing tennis with her husband instead.

吉娜也许缺乏能让她成为更好的女演员的狡黠和脆弱，但她的家国品格让她拒绝了好莱坞转而投身意大利本土导演的作品；即使休斯十几年如一日地派遣律师前往意大利、尝试说服她离婚，她也不为所动。这些律师到吉娜位于罗马郊区的别墅拜访她，结果却和她的丈夫打起了网球。

Her three finest films—“Bread, Love and Dreams”, a small-town romantic comedy about generational change which was set in the same central Italy where she grew up and which pitted personal desire against social duty, and “The Wayward Wife” and “Woman of Rome”, both moralistic dramas based on the fiction of Alberto Moravia—brought out an inner fire that was as emblematic of a nation in the throes of reinventing itself as it was revealing of a woman on the cusp of adulthood. All three came out in the same short period in the mid-1950s.

吉娜的三部代表作分别是：《面包、爱情和梦想》（Bread, Love and Dreams）是一部爱情喜剧，讲述了小镇上一代人的改变。影片在吉娜的家乡意大利中部取景，展示了个人欲望与社会责任的对立；《沧桑奇女子》（The Wayward Wife）和《罗马女人》（Woman of Rome）都是根据阿尔贝托·莫拉维亚（Alberto Moravia）的小说改编的道德主义戏剧。这三部电影中吉娜所迸发的内心火焰既象征着一个国家涅槃重生所要经历的阵痛，也展示了一个女性走向成熟所经历的磨炼。这三部电影都集中在20世纪50年代中期这一段很短的时间内问世。

注：

阿尔贝托·莫拉维亚（Alberto Moravia，1907-1990），意大利当代最著名的小说家，代表作有《罗马女人》《冷漠的人》《罗马故事》等，其中《冷漠的人》是欧洲第一部存在主义小说，在世界文坛享有盛誉。

Her disdain for the demands of studio heads and her insistence on managing her career exactly as she wanted had a curious effect on the men she worked with, who wanted either to bed her or to bring her down—or perhaps both. Welles was not the only one. Humphrey Bogart, who starred opposite her in “Beat the Devil”, said she made Marilyn Monroe look like Shirley Temple and referred to her often as Gina Lo-lo-frigid-er.

吉娜对制片人的要求不屑一顾，坚持按照自己的意愿管理自己的事业，这一点在她的男同事身上产生了很有意思的影响：他们要么想和她上床，要么想把她拉下马，要么两者都想。不只威尔斯为她倾倒，在《击败魔鬼》（Beat the Devil）中和吉娜演对手戏的亨弗莱·鲍嘉（Humphrey Bogart）就说与吉娜相比，玛丽莲·梦露清纯得就像秀兰·邓波儿，还经常叫她冰山美人洛洛。

注：

秀兰·邓波儿（Shirley Temple，1928-2014），美国著名童星、政治活动家。荧幕作品主要集中在17岁以前，是清纯可爱童星的代名词。

Salad days

少女涉世未深

The elegant villa on the old Appian Way that leads out of Rome with its gardens and its peacocks, the garlands of emeralds that jewellers would lend her for gala nights, the seemingly unending legal wrangles towards the end of her life with the young lovers and assistants who were accused of trying to steal her fortune—all these gave the impression of a numerate, if vexatious, harpy, who was a bit heavy-handed with the eyeliner and mascara. To those who would listen, though, she always insisted she was a simple country girl from the Italian hills, one who gave her name to a lettuce called lollo rosso. Not only were its curly leaves a reminder of her own tousled tresses, its vigorous regrowth whenever it was harvested led it to be classified as a “cut-and-come” variety. A valiant survivor, just like la Lollo.

在通往罗马的阿皮亚古道上坐落着一栋优雅的别墅，花园里孔雀闲庭漫步；珠宝商会在晚会上借给她翡翠花环；在生命的最后阶段，她官司缠身，与被指控试图窃取她的财富的小情人和助手纠缠不休——所有这些都给人留下了一个精于算计、无理取闹的女妖形象，画着夸张的眼线和睫毛。不过，面对愿意听她说话的人，她总说自己只是一个来自意大利山区的普通乡下女孩。当地培育的一种生菜还以她的名字命名，因为它卷曲的叶子让人想起她卷曲的头发，而且每次收割完它都会蓬勃再生，属于“割了又长”的品种。它是勇敢的幸存者，就像洛洛一样。

注：

洛洛（La Lollo）是本篇讣告主人公意大利语的爱称。

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