学习视角丨光影绘新篇③:文物修复的时空对话
【编者按】党的二十大为中国式现代化描绘了美好图景,引领着各行各业在新时代奋力前进,也必将为世界的发展注入新活力。中国日报将推出十组影像故事来展现各领域的风采。作为文明古国,中国有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化,文物保护修复师们,结合传统工艺与尖端技术,拭去岁月的尘埃,给予文物的“第二次生命”。#光影绘新篇#系列第三集,文物修复的时空对话。
Editor's note: The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China set out a blueprint for China's path to modernization, with the aim of guiding the development of all walks of life in the new era and contributing positively to global progress. Through the year, China Daily will run a series of picture stories that highlight important waypoints on this journey. In this third installment, we focus on the conservators and restorers who combine traditional craftsmanship with cutting-edge technology to ensure the longevity of the nation's cultural treasures.
2023年5月25日《中国日报》16-17版
作为文明古国,中国有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化,几千年来为世界留下了绵延不绝的文化瑰宝。每一件文物,承载着不同时期的重大事件,亦或是记录着不同朝代的人文生活,让历史鲜活地呈现在我们的眼前。
With a long history and rich cultural splendors, ancient China provided the world with an uninterrupted linage of civilizations lasting for millennia that are still inspiring.
Thanks to cultural relics, the key events influenced the destiny of a dynasty, or breathtaking moments capturing people's daily happiness or, indeed, sullenness, seem to come to life in front of our very eyes.
当我们被这些文物所惊艳和震撼的同时,也不得不承认,时间让它们逐渐褪去了昔日的“容颜”。瓷器破损、壁画褪色、庙宇荒芜,都逃不过岁月的痕迹。幸运的是,时间也见证了它们背后的守护者们世代的付出与奉献,他们拭去岁月的尘埃,给予文物的“第二次生命”。
Nonetheless, when we pay admire and in some cases are astounded by the relics, we can hardly neglect the fact that time has taken its toll on them, be it porcelain shards, fading murals or weedy roofs on ancient temples.
Fortunately, time also witnessed the dedication and diligence of those who painstakingly keep the past alive and relevant. Their devotion is often counted in generations. Behind the shining museum exhibits, these are the people who wipe the dust of ages from the artifacts, and bring a second life or existence to items that are silent observers of history.
他们就是文物保护修复师们,如同医生一样,为文物“望闻问切”量身定制开出“处方”;“中西合璧”将传统工艺与新兴科技相结合,让文物的生命在历史的长河中得以延续。而他们的“病人”则是举世无双的文化瑰宝:北京故宫的宏伟宫殿,山西平遥的古城城墙,陕西西安的秦兵马俑又或是千年历史的青铜器皿……
These of course are cultural-relic conservators and restorers. Just like medical practitioners who vow to spare no effort for public health, they check the “illness” and made the tailored prescription. They combine traditional craftsmanship with new cutting-edge technology just to make sure the relics linger longer.
Their “patients” are often iconic superstars, including the grand palace of the Forbidden City in Beijing, or walls bathed in the ethos of vicissitude of Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi province, the thousands-years-old bronze wares covered with tell-tale signs of verdigris and patina or the magnificent underground legion of the Terracotta Warriors from the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC).
国家文物局数据显示,全国共有国有可移动文物1.08亿件(套),不可移动文物76.7万处。全国文物系统从业人员达到16万人。一代又一代的文物保护修复师们更替传承,但责任与热忱从未减退。在文化和自然遗产日即将到来之际,我们一起走进文物修复师们的世界。
For generation after generation, deft hands and keen eyes may age, but their hearts remain robust and enthusiasm is never dulled but ever present.
According to the National Cultural Heritage Administration, more than 108 million cultural relics are housed in China's public institutions, and 767,000 so-called “unmovable” monuments, ancient architecture, structures and heritage sites are registered nationwide. More than 160,000 people work on cultural relic-related positions across the country.
2023年4月23日,北京故宫博物院,游客从正在修复的太和门前走过。
Tourists walk by the Gate of Supreme Harmony, which is under restoration, at the Palace Museum, Beijing, April 23, 2023.
2022年3月7日,北京故宫博物院,该院文保科技部织绣修复师们展示修复好的龙袍。这5名织绣修复师均为年龄不超过40岁的女性,她们不仅要掌握文物修复知识,还要熟悉各类织绣工艺技法。从2005年至今,她们已修复文物百余件。
A group of five weaving and embroidery restorers at the Palace Museum examine an emperor's dragon robe after completion of its restoration, Beijing, March 7, 2022.
Veteran restorer Lan Desheng, 55, from Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum, examines a Terracotta Warrior at the institute in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, March 31, 2023.
Veteran restorer Lan Desheng applies an eye drop on a terracotta statue to clean the eye at Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, April 3, 2023.
A restorer works on parts of a Terracotta Warrior at Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, April 3, 2023.
Thanks to Lan's efforts and that of numerous conservators, many such statues are brought back to life after restoration in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, March 31, 2023.
A collection of restored painted pottery figures from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) on display at the Shaanxi History Museum in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, April 2, 2023.
2023年3月23日,山西太原,山西博物院,金属修复师张春秋对文物进行拍照建档。文物修复并非简单的贴补缝合,如同寻医问诊一样,在正式修复前,修复人员要对文物拍照、测量、采样检测等,摸清“脉象”,并制定出完整严密的保护修复方案,获批后,方能着手进行修复。
Restorer Zhang Chunqiu takes a photo of a relic at Shanxi Museum in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, March 23, 2023.
2023年3月23日,山西太原,山西博物院,壁画修复师对兴县裴家川口村发掘的壁画进行加固处理保护。
A restorer works on a mural at Shanxi Museum in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, March 23, 2023.
2023年4月8日,山西大同,航拍世界文化遗产——云冈石窟。云冈石窟距今已有1500余年的历史,现存主要洞窟45个,大小窟龛252个,石雕造像50000余尊.它是我国规模最大的古代石窟群之一,也是世界闻名的艺术宝库。
An aerial view of Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi province, April 8, 2023.
2023年4月6日,山西大同,云冈石窟数字化团队成员“90后”王家鑫(右)手持扫描仪采集三维数据,一边的庞博对照电脑即成模型检查数据是否有缺失。云冈石窟科技助力文物修复和保护,为助力古老石窟“活起来”,这群年轻人依托高精度测绘技术、三维激光扫描技术、计算机网络技术等科技手段,对石窟的结构、色彩等信息进行采集,建起云冈石窟“数字档案”,为石窟今后的保护、研究以及文化产业发展奠定基础。
Two young restorers gather 3D data from a statue in Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi province, April 6, 2023.
2023年3月28日,山西运城,永乐宫壁画保护研究院院长席九龙介绍三清殿壁画的起甲、脱落、粉化等病害问题。2021年开始的永乐宫搬迁后首次大规模修复,已经完成了龙虎殿、重阳殿548平米壁画病害处理和保护性修复,为下一步开展三清殿及纯阳殿壁画修复保护工作打下良好基础。
Xi Jiulong, head of the Yongle Palace mural art protection research institute, introduces a mural at the palace in Yuncheng, Shanxi province, March 28, 2023.
2021年10月20日,山西晋中,平遥古城城墙内侧夯土裸露,工作人员用塑料布遮挡当天的小雨。
Plastic sheets are applied to the rammed earth of the city wall of Pingyao Ancient City, in Jinzhong, Shanxi province, October 20, 2021.
2023年5月16日,甘肃敦煌,敦煌研究院文物保护专家樊再轩正在对莫高窟第196窟病害壁画进行修复工作。62岁的樊老师从1981年到敦煌研究院工作到现在已有42年了,虽然退休但仍坚持在文物保护工作的第一线。
Fan Zaixuan, 62, a restorer at Dunhuang Academy, works on a damaged mural at the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu province, May 16, 2023.
2023年5月16日,甘肃敦煌,樊再轩在莫高窟第196窟文物保护修复工作现场。
Fan works on the site of restoration at the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu province, May 16, 2023.
2023年5月16日,甘肃敦煌,樊再轩来到敦煌研究院公墓区缅怀先辈,他说老一辈莫高窟人安息在这里,与莫高窟九层楼遥相对望,继续守护着莫高窟。
Fan often visits the public cemetery where the late conservators of the Academy have been buried, commemorating his predecessors, who seem to still guard the Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu province, May 16, 2023.
出品人 / Producer
孙尚武 / Sun Shangwu
策划 / Planner
徐小丹 / Xu Xiaodan
姚英 / Yao Ying
统筹 / Coordinator
耿菲菲 / Geng Feifei
匡林华 / Kuang Linhua
撰稿 / Script
邹红 / Zou Hong
刘喆 / Liu Zhe
王恺昊 / Wang Kaihao
孙瑞生 / Sun Ruisheng
摄影 / Photographer
邹红 / Zou Hong
视频素材 / Video
敦煌研究院 / Dunhuang Academy
山西省永乐宫壁画保护研究院 / Shanxi's Yongle Palace Mural Preservation Research Institute
山西省芮城县委宣传部 / the Publicity Department of CPC Committee of Ruicheng county, Shanxi province
中央新闻纪录电影制片厂 / Central Newsreel and Documentary Film Studio
中国日报山西、陕西、甘肃、北京记者站 / Correspondents of China Daily in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu provinces and Beijing
剪辑 / Editor
王棋琦/ Wang Qiqi
邹红 / Zou Hong
李俊成 / Li Juncheng
胡雪 / Hu Xue
设计 / Designer
马雪晶 / Ma Xuejing
陆平 / Lu Ping
刘鲁囡 / Liu Lunan
李旻 / Li Min
翻译 / Translator
王恺昊 / Wang Kaihao
武晓慧 / Wu Xiaohui
Tareq Zahir
李烁 / Li Shuo
特别鸣谢 / Acknowledgement
故宫博物院 / Palace Museum
中国国家图书馆 / National Library of China
秦始皇帝陵博物院 / Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum
敦煌研究院 / Dunhuang Academy
山西省永乐宫壁画保护研究院 / Shanxi's Yongle Palace Mural Preservation Research Institute
云冈研究院 / Yungang Grottoes Research Institute
山西博物院 / Shanxi Museum
陕西历史博物馆 / Shaanxi History Museum
平遥城墙保护服务中心 / Pingyao City Wall Protection Office
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