精读丨戈尔巴乔夫：他如何影响了今天的普京和我们

时事

2022-08-31 23:08

戈尔巴乔夫：他如何影响了今天的普京和我们

课程导读

▸ 中国人对戈尔巴乔夫，为什么听着耳熟但实则异常陌生？

▸ 戈尔巴乔夫如何评价普京和俄乌战争？他与普京关系如何？

▸ 什么是讣闻三板斧？

▸ 对于戈氏的历史评价，为何东西方反差如此大？

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Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Reformist Soviet Leader, Is Dead at 91

Adopting principles of glasnost and perestroika, he weighed the legacy of seven decades of Communist rule and set a new course, presiding over the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the U.S.S.R.

Mikhail S. Gorbachev, whose rise to power in the Soviet Union set in motion a series of revolutionary changes that transformed the map of Europe and ended the Cold War that had threatened the world with nuclear annihilation, has died in Moscow. He was 91.

来源：The New York Times

参考译文

苏联改革派领袖米哈伊尔·谢尔盖耶维奇·戈尔巴乔夫逝世，终年 91 岁

采用公开和改革的原则，他审视了共产党七十年统治的遗产，开辟了一条新的道路，主导了冷战的结束和苏联的解体。

米哈伊尔·谢尔盖耶维奇·戈尔巴乔夫在莫斯科去世，享年 91 岁。他在苏联的掌权引发了一系列革命性变革，改变了欧洲版图，结束了令世界面临核毁灭威胁的冷战。

重点词汇

glasnost /ˈɡlæznɒst/ n. 公开化（指戈尔巴乔夫于 20 世纪 80 年代在苏联倡导的允许公开讨论国家所面临问题的政策）

○ the policy begun by Mikhail Gorbachev in the USSR in the 1980s of allowing discussion of the country's problems

○ e.g. The usual translation of 'glasnost' is 'openness'. glasnost 一词通常译为 openness（公开性）。

perestroika /ˌperəˈstrɔɪkə/ n.（20 世纪 80 年代末苏联在政治、社会和经济方面所作的）改革

○ a Russian word meaning 'rebuilding', used to describe the social, political, and economic changes that happened in the former USSR in the 1980s, just before the end of the Communist government

preside /prɪˈzaɪd/ v. 主持，担任主持

○ (preside over/at sth.) to lead or be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, etc.

○ e.g. The PM returned to Downing Street to preside over a meeting of his inner cabinet. 首相回到唐宁街去主持一场核心内阁会议。

dissolution /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn/ n.（婚姻关系或契约的）解除，（组织、议会等的）解散

○ (formal) the act of formally ending aparliament, organization, or marriage

○ e.g. The company was set up following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. 这家公司是在苏联解体后成立的。

set sth. in motion 使...运动，使...开动

○ to start a process or series of events that will continue for some time

○ e.g. The Church voted to set in motion the process allowing women to be priests. 教会投票决定启动允许女性担任牧师的程序。

○ e.g. Once the house had been sold, Jane set the wheels in motion to find somewhere smaller to live. 房子一卖出去，简就开始行动，寻找小一点的地方住。

annihilation /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃn/ n. 毁灭，消灭

○ the act of sb./sth. being completely destroyed