《韦氏词典》2022年度热词“gaslighting”是什么意思?
近日,各大词典都在公布各自选出的2022年度词汇。
《韦氏词典》公布2022年度词汇为“gaslighting(煤气灯效应)”。它指的是操纵思想、严重误导、彻头彻尾的欺骗行为。在《韦氏词典》上,2022年这个词的搜索量比上一年增加了1740%。
This year, the number of times people looked up Merriam-Webster’s definition of gaslighting skyrocketed 1740 percent compared to 2021. So it seems fitting that the dictionary named it 2022’s word of the year.
2022年,《韦氏词典》中gaslighting的查询次数激增1740%。因此,这个单词当选该词典2022年度词汇似乎是理所当然的。
Merriam-Webster actually has two definitions for the noun. The first is as follows: “psychological manipulation of a person usually over an extended period of time that causes the victim to question the validity of their own thoughts, perception of reality, or memories and typically leads to confusion, loss of confidence and self-esteem, uncertainty of one's emotional or mental stability, and a dependency on the perpetrator.”
《韦氏词典》对gaslighting有两条定义。其中一条指:对一个人的心理操纵,通常持续很长一段时间,导致受害者质疑自己的思想、对现实的感知或记忆的可靠性,通常导致困惑、信心和自尊的丧失、情绪或精神的不稳定,以及对施暴者的依赖。
Gaslighting源自帕特里克·汉密尔顿1938年创作的剧本。1944年,改编自该剧本的经典黑色悬疑片《煤气灯下》(Gaslight)问世。这部影片讲述了丈夫为了谋取妻子的财产,千方百计把妻子逼疯的故事。剧中,妻子看到了微弱的煤气灯光,丈夫却一直否认,说她看错了。妻子单纯地爱着丈夫,对其深信不疑,久而久之就确信自己真的看错了。
美国心理学家罗宾·斯特恩受到电影的启发,结合20年的临床经验,写出了轰动一时的书——《煤气灯效应:远离情感暴力和操纵狂》。
US-based author of The Gaslight Effect, Dr Robin Stern, outlined the insidious nature of gaslighting, writing: "It's a form of emotional abuse and manipulation that is difficult to recognize and even harder to break free from."
《煤气灯效应》的美国作者罗宾·斯特恩博士概述了“煤气灯”阴险的本质,写道:“这是一种难以识别的情感虐待和操纵,甚至更难以摆脱。”
But as Merriam-Webster explained in a blog post, people these days don’t just use gaslighting to describe total reality-distorting manipulation. It can also refer more generally to “the act or practice of grossly misleading someone especially for one’s own advantage.” With all the disinformation floating around the internet, it can be tough to realize when you’re being gaslighted into discarding your own perceptions or beliefs.
但《韦氏词典》在一篇博文中表示,现在gaslighting不仅形容扭曲事实的思想控制,也可以泛指“为自己的利益而严重误导别人的行为或做法”。由于互联网上充斥着虚假信息,当你被操控而抛弃自己的看法或信念时,是很难意识到的。
在亲密伴侣关系中,这种效应的表现方式较为隐秘而微妙(imperceptible and subtle)。比如,操控者会常说“你神经过敏”,“是你太敏感了”,“你一定记错了”……
总是被人否定自己的认知和价值,你是不是也会对自己产生怀疑呢?日积月累,操控者就在受害者心里种下了迷失自我的种子。
在职场上,如果上司善用煤气灯效应操控员工,则会给员工带来巨大打击。
Gaslighting in the workplace can be especially destructive—particularly if your boss is the culprit.
职场煤气灯效应特别具有毁灭性,尤其当你的老板是罪魁祸首的时候。
他们会用尖酸刻薄的批评、虚假的承诺、人身攻击、肆无忌惮的谎言,让员工对自己产生怀疑,他们甚至把自己的缺点投射在员工身上。
Gaslighters use lies, false promises and personal attacks to make those around them doubt themselves.
Gaslighting typically begins gradually, with a snide comment or critical remark disguised as a joke. The gaslighter may then deny having said or done something, tell blatant lies and eventually project his or her bad behavior or traits on you.
无论在情感关系中,还是职场生活中,如果有人经常跟你说这些话,就要提高警惕了:
►“We talked about this. Don't you remember?”
我们说过这个,你怎么不记得?
► “You're being irrational.”
你太不理性了。
►“Don't you think you're over-reacting?”
你是不是反应过激了?
►“You can't take a joke.”
你也太开不起玩笑。
►“I criticize you because I like you.”
我喜欢你才批评你呢。
► “You're the only person I have these problems with.”
怎么就和你会有这些问题呢。
►“I'm not arguing; I'm discussing.”
我没有吵架,我是在讨论。
希望大家远离煤气灯操控者(gaslighter),保护好自己。
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