[1] John Gray & David Willetts, Is Conservatism Dead? London: Profile Books, 1 997, p. 3,[2] Stephen Holmes, “Can Weak-state Liberalism Survival?” Dan Avnon & Avner de-Shalit ed., Liberalism and ItsPractice, London: Routledge, 1999, p. 31.[3] Stephen Holmes, Passions and Constraint: on the Theory of Liberal Democracy, Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 1995, p. 1.[4] Joseph W. Bendersky, Carl Schmitt: Theorist for the Reich, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1983, pp. 107-122.[5] 参见L. T. Hobhouse, The Metaphysical Theory of the State, London: Macmillan Co., 1918, esp. Lecture V, pp. 96-133.[6] 霍布斯,《利维坦》,黎思复等译,商务印书馆,1985年,页92-93。[7] 同上,页94。[8] 同上,页131-132。[9] 参阅,Stephen Holmes, “Can Weak-state Liberalism Survival?” p. 35.[10] 亚当·斯密,《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》(上册),郭大力、王亚南译,商务印书馆,1972版,页87-88。[11] 同上,下册,第254页。[12] 同上,第272页。[13] 同上,第284页。[14] 汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊,《联邦党人文集》,程逢如等译,商务印书馆,1982,第3页。[15] 同上,第12页。[16] 同上,第23-24页。[17] Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, trans. T. Nugent (New York, 1949), B k xi:6, p. 151.[18] 同上,第4页。[19] 同上,第40页。[20] Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power, Vol. II: The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760-1914, Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 46.[21] 参见Eric Weil, Hegel and the State, translated by Mark A. Cohen, the JohnHopkins University Press, 1998, p.57。[22] J. K. Bluntschli, The Theory of the State, English edition, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1921.[23] 参见,John A. Hall & John Ikenbery, The State, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989, chapter 1.[24] Max Weber, Economy and Society, ed. by Guenther Roth & Claus Wittich, New York: Bedminster Press, 1968, vol. 1, p. 54.[25] David Held, “Central Perspectives on the modern state,” Gregor McLennan , David Held & Stuart Hall ed.,The Idea of Modern State, Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1984 , pp. 62-64.[26] 李强,“传统中国社会政治与现代资本主义:韦伯的制度主义解释”(《社会学研究 》,北京,1998,第二期)。[27] 参见,John A. Hall & John Ikenbery, The State, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989, esp. pp. 24-30.[28]Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process (德文版,1939),引自,Norbert Elias , On Civilization, Power, andKnoledge, ed., Stephen Mennell & John Goudsblom, the University of Chicago press, 1998, p. 139.[29] Carl Schmitt, The Concept of Political, translated by George Schwarb, New Brunwick: Rutgers University Press, 1976, p. 70.[30]关于斯密特的国家学说,参见 Julien Freund, "Schmitt's Political Thought," in Telos, No. 102 (Winter 1995), pp. 11-42;Renato Cristi, Carl Schmitt and Aut horitarian Liberalism: Strong State, Free Economy, Cardiff: University of Wale s Press, 1998,pp. 181-2.[31] 参见,George Schwab, The Challenge of the Exception: An Introduction to the Political Ideas of Carl Schmitt between 1921 and 1936, second edition, New York: Greenwood Press, 1989;Stephen Holmes, The Anatomy ofAntiliberalism, Harvard University Press, 1993, p. 40.[32] 关于斯密特与霍布斯国家理论的区别,参见Stephen Holmes, The Anatomy of Antiliberalism, Harvard University Press, 1993, pp. 41-2.[33] Carl Schmitt, The Concept of Political, translated by George Schwarb, New Brunwick: Rutgers UniversityPress, 1976, pp. 12-13, p.45.[34] 参见,Stephen Holmes, The Anatomy of Antiliberalism, Harvard University P ress, 1993, pp.53-57.[35] Michael Mann, States, War, and Capitalism, Oxford: Blackwell, 1988, pp. 5-9.[36] 参见,Michael Mann, “State and Society, 1130-1815: An anqlysis of English State Finances,” States, War and Capitalism, pp. 73-123.[37] John A. Hall, Coercion and Constent: Studies on Modern State, England: Polity Press, 1994, p. x.[38] 关于斯密特对两种类型的全能国家的讨论,参见Renato Cristi, Carl Schmitt and Authoritarian Liberalism: Strong State, Free Economy, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1998,pp. 193-199, George Schwab, The Challenge of theException,p. x.[39] 参见拙作“国家能力与国家权力的悖论”,香港:《中国书评》,1998年2月。[40] 就本文讨论的问题而言,这两个术语的内涵没有差别。[41] 参见,Renato Cristi, Carl Schmitt and Authoritarian Liberalism: Strong State, Free Economy, Cardiff:University of Wales Press, 1998, p. 32.[42] 同上,p. 23.[43] Stephen Holmes, Passions and Constraint: on the Theory of Liberal Democracy, Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, p. xi.[44] 引自John A. Hall, Coercion and Constent: Studies on Modern State, England: Polity Press, 1994, p. xii.[45]Anthony D. Smith, "State-building and Nation-making," in John Hall ed., States in History, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986, pp. 232.[46]Edward Shils, "The Integration of Society," in his The Constitution of Society, University Of Chicago Press, 1972, p. 6.[47] 关于梁启超“国家主义”观念的分析,见Hao Chang, Liang Ch’I-ch’ao and Intellectual Transition in China: 1890-1907, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971, esp. Chap. 8 “New Citizen and Statism.”[48] 关于国家能力与国家权力之间的悖论,参见拙作“国家能力与国家权力的悖论”,香港:《中国书评》,1998年2月。[49] 参见拙作《自由主义》,中国社会科学出版社,1998,第264-267页。