我们六月份上线了一本免费原版书《相约星期二》,共1万人报名阅读。我从这本书中筛选出22个有价值的语言点,从今天开始和大家分享:
the idea of... occur to sb
教授莫里(Morrie)在生病后,忍痛坚持上完最后一节课:
In the fall of 1994, Morrie came to the hilly Brandeis campus to teach his final college course. He could have skipped this, of course. The university would have understood. Why suffer in front of so many people? Stay at home. Get your affairs in order. But the idea of quitting did not occur to Morrie.1994年的秋天,莫里去坐落在山坡上的布兰代斯校园上他最后的一堂课。当然,他完全可以不去上的。学校方面能够理解。何必要在众人面前受折磨?呆在家里。安排好自己的事情。但莫里没有想到要放弃。
我们表达“某人想到...”,第一反应是 sb thinks of sth,而原文用的是 the idea of... occurs to sb,某个想法发生在某人身上,和汉语的表达顺序相反。用 idea 作主语,赋予其生命,使语言更加灵动。以后在写作的时候,就可以用 the idea of... occurs to sb 表达“某人想到...”的含义,替换 think of,使语言更加“洋气”。
In fact, the most unusual part of his life was about to unfold.
事实上,他生命中最不寻常的一页即将掀开。
unfold 是外刊、考试中的高频词,它源自 fold(折叠)一词,加上否定前缀“-un”,则是“展开”的意思,既可以搭配毯子(blanket)、地图(maps)、手臂(arms)等具体名词,也可以搭配 story(故事)、event(事件)等抽象名词,文中是后者。
考研阅读中也出现过这个词,2015年英语一的 Text4 讲到了电话窃听事件,文中说:
Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.
其他人在候审。这一系列事件正逐渐浮出水面。
有点 happen、take place 的意思,可以联系记忆。
The world, I discovered, was not all that interested. I wandered around my early twenties, paying rent and reading classifieds and wondering why the lights were not turning green for me. My dream was to be a famous musician (I played the piano), but after several years of dark, empty nightclubs, broken promises, bands that kept breaking up and producers who seemed excited about everyone but me, the dream soured. I was failing for the first time in my life.我发现,这个世界并不那么吸引人。我浑浑噩噩地打发着二十刚出头的那几年:付房租,看广告,寻思着生活为何不向我开绿灯。我的梦想是成为一个大音乐家(我那时在弹钢琴),但几年昏暗、空虚的夜店生活,从不兑现的允诺,不断拆散的乐队以及除了我对谁都感兴趣的制作人,终于使我的梦想变了味。我第一次在生活中成了失败者。
毕业后,曾经对人生美好的憧憬,立马被赤裸裸的现实击得粉碎。the lights turn green 本是指交通信号灯“变绿”,引申为事情“行得通、可行”。现实中找人办事要送礼,这时对方才会 give you a green light “准许、许可”。
作者毕业后遭到连环打击:
1. several years of dark, empty nightclubs 几年昏暗、空虚的夜店生活。2. broken promises 从不兑现的承诺。比如老板说这个单子拿下来后给你升合伙人,但拿下来后又找这样那样的借口拒绝,这就叫 broken promises,也就是俗称的“画大饼”。3. bands that kept breaking up 不断解散的乐队4. producers who seemed excited about everyone but me 除了我对谁都感兴趣的制作人在经过这些打击后,作者 the dream soured.sour 最基本的意思是形容词“酸的”,作动词则表示“便酸、变坏”,可以指关系、气氛不对劲,比如:The atmosphere at the house soured.
屋子里的气氛不对了。
Their relationship has soured.
他们的关系出现了嫌隙。
The eighties happened. The nineties happened. Death and sickness and getting fat and going bald happened. I traded lots of dreams for a bigger paycheck, and I never even realized I was doing it.八十年代开始了。九十年代开始了。死亡、疾病、肥胖、秃顶接踵而来。我是用许多梦想在换取数额更大的支票,只是我没有意识到而已。这段话读着有点伤感,trade 此处是动词,表示“交易”,I traded lots of dreams for a bigger paycheck 的意思是:我用很多梦想换取了数额更大的支票。回到 trade 这个词上来,它表示“交易、交换”的时候,后面还可以加 secrets / insults / blows / jokes,表示“交换秘密”“互骂”“互打”“相互讲笑话”。
pen&spout
放弃梦想,迎接现实后,作者的工作开始起飞:
In a few years, I was not only penning columns, I was writing sports books, doing radio shows, and appearing regularly on TV, spouting my opinions on rich football players and hypocritical college sports programs.几年后,我除了撰写体育报道评论外,还开始写体育方面的专著,制作广播节目,经常在电视上抛头露面,对暴富的橄榄球明星和好矫饰的大学体育活动评头论足。
spout my opinions on...中,spout 本义是动词“喷射”,可以表示喷血,也可以表示喷泉喷水,如:
The wound was still spouting blood.
伤口还在喷血。
Clear water spouted from the fountains.
清澈的水从喷泉中喷射出来。
spout 由“喷射”引申出“喋喋不休地说”,就像喷泉一样滔滔不绝,带有比喻色彩。spout one's opinions on...像不像一个满口国家大事的中年油腻男?当然作者这里用这个词带有自谦的意味。pen 在这里是名词动用,它本义是名词“钢笔”,作动词引申为“写”的意思,相当于 write,再看一个例子:He penned a letter to the local paper.
他给当地报纸写了一封信。
作名词是“地毯”,作动词则表示“铺上、覆盖”,看个例句:The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers.
森林的地面上开满了野花。
本义是名词“胃”,胃可以容纳食物,所以作动词有了“容纳、容忍”的意思,《权力的游戏》中就出现过这个用法:“They won't,” Tyrion said. “They are too different and yet too much alike, and neither could ever stomach the other.”
“他们不会的。”提利昂道,“他们太不同了,又太相似了,谁也不能容忍对方。”
fan 作名词本义指“风扇”,名词动用,引申出“扇风、吹风”的意思,外交部批评西方国家煽风点火时就用到了这个词:I’m not sure whether the friends of a certain country have done their best to prevent it from going down the wrong path before there was no turning back when it set the fire and fanned the flames.
我不知道之前当有关国家做拱火点火的错事的时候,它的伙伴有没有尽全力阻止其在错误的方向越走越远,直到不可收拾的地步。
be wrapped up in
在亲人去世、梦想破灭后,作者一头扎到工作中:
I had become too wrapped up in the siren song of my own life. I was busy.
我一心一意关心着自己的生活。我很忙。
wrap 读[ræp],“w”不发音。它本义是动词“包裹、覆盖”,be wrapped up in 字面意思是“被包裹在...里”,即“完全沉浸于...、专心致志于...”,《绝望的主妇》第八季中就出现过这个用法:And the next, we're wrapped up in our work.
下一刻 我们又全身心投入工作。
I was thirty-seven, more efficient than in college, tied to computers and modems and cell phones.
我已经三十有七,比做学生那会更有能耐,整天泡在电脑、调制解调器和手机里。
be tied to 字面意思是“被绑在...上”,引申为“被...束缚、忙于某事”,它和前面的 be wrapped up in 类似,但也有区别:be tied to 偏向被动,即因客观因素不得不忙于某事,而 be wrapped up in 偏向主动,即自己愿意忙于某事。举个例子,很多女性不想生娃,担心生娃后自己会被孩子束缚住,我们可以造句:I want to work but I'm tied to the baby.
我想工作,但却被孩子束缚住了。
再补充一个类似的:be chained to,chain 也算一个名词动用,本义是名词“链条”,引申为动词“束缚、困住”的意思,我们在「外刊精读写作11期」中讲过“出勤主义”,文中说到很多员工完成了工作也不好按时下班,因为领导还没回家,自己不好意思走:But that doesn’t stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods.
但这并不能阻止一些经理要求员工长时间呆在办公桌前。
stay 在这里是系动词,表示“处于某种状态”,类似 remain.
今天就分享到这里,感谢阅读!