小而强大:独立出版社崭露头角,文学大奖中频频问鼎 | 经济学人
1
人的一生,会遇到形形色色的人。大多数与你短暂相交,然后渐行渐远。只有极少数能与你走在同一轨道。我们寻找的是这个极少数同频同轨的小伙伴。
长期招募
catti一笔的校对
(此贴永久有效,翻译组内现在有catti一笔20+,博士8人)
具体要求大家可以仔细阅读下推文 我们招人啦!(超链,点击进入) 满足条件再加小编微信foxwulihua4,设置严格的条件,只是希望能保证译文质量,对55w+读者负责!
2
Culture | Pressing up
文化| 以小压大
英文部分选自经济学人20231202期文化板块
Culture | Pressing up
文化| 以小压大
Small publishers are sweeping the Booker and Nobel prizes
小型出版商横扫布克奖和诺贝尔奖
Independent companies are outclassing their bigger rivals
小型出版商的表现远优于大型出版商
In recent yearsthe judges of the Booker prize, Britain’s most prestigious literary award, have opted for sombre novels about apartheid, civil war and poverty. The winner for 2023 is, once again, not the sort of jolly yarn that will provide relief from the news. “Prophet Song” imagines Ireland’s descent into totalitarianism. Paul Lynch, the author (pictured), has said he was “trying to see into the modern chaos”.
布克奖(Booker prize)是英国最负盛名的文学奖项。近年来,布克奖评委们评选出的作品皆为有关种族隔离、内战和贫穷的忧郁小说。2023年度的获奖作品依然不是那种让人们能从新闻现实中解脱出来的欢快故事。《先知之歌》描绘了想象中坠入极权主义统治的爱尔兰,其作者保罗·林奇(Paul Lynch)(见上图)曾表示,他“正尝试洞察现代的混乱”。
But the book’s triumph tells a rosier story about the publishing industry. Oneworld, which published it in Britain, employs 25 people and is led by Novin Doostdar and Juliet Mabey, a husband-and-wife team. In addition to this year’s prize, the independent firm published Booker winners in 2015 (byMarlon James) and 2016 (Paul Beatty). In America “Prophet Song” is published by Grove Atlantic, another independent, with a staff of 30.
但《先知之歌》的脱颖而出折射了出版业更乐观的前景。《先知之歌》的英国出版商是“寰宇一家”(Oneworld),仅有25名员工,由夫妻档诺文·道斯达(Novin Doostdar)和朱丽叶·马贝(Juliet Mabey)领导。除了今年的获奖作品外,这家独立出版商出版的作品还赢得过2015年(作者为马龙·詹姆斯(Marlon James))和2016年(作者为保罗·比第(Paul Beatty))的布克奖。《先知之歌》的美国出版商也是一家独立出版商,名为格罗夫大西洋出版社(Grove Atlantic),仅有30名员工。
These houses are tiny compared with the juggernauts that dominate the book trade. The world’s largest publisher, Penguin Random House (prh), employs 10,000 people.prh, along with HarperCollins, Hachette and Macmillan—known as the “Big Four”—account for 51% of sales in Britain. In America the picture is similar: the “Big Five” (the same group, plus Simon & Schuster) dominate the market, with 60% of sales.
与那些左右图书行业的出版巨头相比,这些小型出版商显得极其渺小。世界上最大的出版商企鹅兰登出版社(Penguin Random House)雇佣了一万名员工,它与哈珀柯林斯(HarperCollins)、阿歇特(Hachette)和麦克米伦(Macmillan)统称为“四大”出版商,占据了英国51%的图书销售业务。在美国,情况也类似,“五大”(这四家加上西蒙与舒斯特(Simon & Schuster))出版商以60%的份额主导市场。
But a large staff and large budgets do not always translate into quality. When it comes to the world’s most important literary prizes, small publishers are outperforming bigger ones. Last year’s Booker prize went to“The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida” by Shehan Karunatilaka, which had been rejected by larger publishers before being issued by Sort of Books in Britain and W.W. Norton in America. American indies also published Booker prize winners in 2019, 2020 and 2021.
但是,庞大的队伍和可观的预算并不总会转化为高品质的作品。在那些世界上最具分量的文学奖项上,小型出版商的表现优于大型出版商。去年的布克奖颁给了谢汉·卡鲁纳提拉卡(Shehan Karunatilaka)的小说《马里·阿尔梅达的七个月亮》(The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida),该书曾被大型出版商拒之门外,后分别由英国的绍特图书出版社(Sort of Books)和美国的诺顿出版社(W. W. Norton)出版。美国小型出版商的出版作品也曾获2019、2020和2021年度布克奖。
Independently published books have done particularly well with theNobel. This year’s laureate, Jon Fosse, is published in America by Transit Books, a minuscule outfit. (Its headquarters are the publishers’ home, making it literally a “publishing house”.) Last year’s Nobelist, Annie Ernaux, is published by Seven Stories in America, which has a dozen full-time employees. Mr Fosse and Ms Ernaux are both published in Britain by Fitzcarraldo Editions, perhaps the pre-eminent small press, which has issued books by four of the past nine Nobel laureates. Its team is made up of seven people.
独立出版书籍在诺贝尔文学奖上的表现极佳。今年诺贝尔文学奖得主约恩·福瑟(Jon Fosse)的书即由一家“微型”出版商Transit Books在美国出版。(之所以称之“微型”,是因为总部就设在出版人的家里,是名副其实的“出版之家”。)去年的诺贝尔文学奖得主安妮·埃尔诺(Annie Ernaux)的作品也由美国的七故事出版社(Seven Stories)出版,其全职员工仅十多名。福瑟先生和埃尔诺女士的作品通过菲茨卡拉多出版社(Fitzcarraldo Editions)在英国出版,这也是一家出色的小型出版社,出版了过去九位诺奖得主中四位的书,而它的团队仅七人。
What is the secret to big success for small presses? Nothing new, the editors say, but rather something as old as the book trade: picking worthy titles, editing them carefully and promoting them well. It often comes down to money—in particular, not thinking too much about it.
小型出版商却获大成就,秘诀是什么?编辑称,无奇,只是遵循图书市场历来的原则:选取有价值的书刊,细心编辑,推广得当。归根到底,出版书籍是为了盈利,但别过于看重。
Big publishers have to produce quarterly profits for shareholders, which means they needcommercial titles that will reliably sell. (That means celebrity memoirs, pulpy romance novels and predictable action thrillers.) They strive to post ever higher returns: in 2021 Simon & Schuster boasted a 21.4% profit margin.
大型出版商每季度都得为股东们创造利润,这就意味着需要能大卖的商业噱头。(也就是名人回忆录、无脑爱情故事和老掉牙的动作惊悚小说。)大型出版商总是不断追求更高的收益。例如,2021年西蒙与舒斯特(Simon & Schuster)的利润率达到了21.4%。
By contrast, independent houses say they are satisfied with profit margins of around 3%. Financial considerations are “only one of the factors involved in selecting books”, says Morgan Entrekin of Grove Atlantic. He describes his firm—whose rich back catalogue includes works bySamuel Beckett and Jack Kerouac, among others—as a “not for loss” business.
相比之下,小型出版商有3%左右的利润率就心满意足了。出版商格鲁夫·大西洋(Grove Atlantic)的摩根·恩特里金(Morgan Entrekin)称,收益“仅是筛选书籍的考量因素之一。”这家出版商昔日出版作品丰富,包括萨缪尔·贝克特(Samuel Beckett)和杰克·凯鲁亚克(Jack Kerouac)等人的作品。“不亏就行”——摩根如是描述自己的公司。
Oneworld can “afford to go out on a limb for something”, says Ms Mabey, and the approach “has paid off for me many times over”. Good books, if they are taught in schools, can sell for years and make a profit in the long term. Prizes provide another lift. “The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida” has sold roughly 20 times more copies than Mr Karunatilaka’s other novel.
马贝女士表示,寰宇一家“承受得起冒险的后果”,这种方法“已经给我带来了多次回报”。如果优秀的书籍被用作学校教材,就可以持续销售多年,长远来看可以盈利。奖项也是一种推动力。《马利·阿尔梅达的七个月亮》的销量是谢汉另一部小说的20倍。
Indie companies are willing to take chances on authors whom bigger publishers consider too risky. Mr Entrekin bought the American rights for Bernardine Evaristo’s “Girl, Woman, Other” after corporate publishers dropped the mid-career novelist. (It won the Booker in 2019.) Independents are also willing to stick with authors who may be writing well but selling modestly, publishing the third and fourth novels that may lead, as in Mr Lynch’s case, to a prizewinning fifth.
小型出版商更愿意在那些大型出版商认为风险太高的作家身上孤注一掷。在多家大公司放弃了处于职业生涯中期的女作家伯娜丁·埃瓦里斯托(Bernardine Evaristo)后,摩根买下了她《女孩,女人,其他》的美国版权。(该书在2019年荣获布克奖。)小型出版商也愿意与那些写得好但销量一般的作家续签合约,出版他们的第三部和第四部小说,如同林奇一样,他们的第五部作品便可能摘得桂冠。
Publishing is, by its nature, a gamble. The recent renaissance of independent presses may fade with the changing tastes of prize committees or the fickle fancies of readers. “Sometimes you catch a thermal,” Ms Mabey says, and a book soars. “Sometimes you don’t.” But small publishers can adapt to changing winds. And with another Booker in the bag, Oneworld, like so many of its peers, is flying high.
本质上讲,出版是一场赌博。近期小型出版商的复兴可能会随着奖项评委会品味的变化或读者兴趣的变幻无常而衰落。“有时候你会遇到良机,”马贝说,一本书因此声名鹊起。“有时候则不会。”但小型出版商可以适应不断变化的市场趋势。在再次斩获布克奖之后,和许多同行一样,寰宇一家正乘风破浪。
Jack Jan,实践出真知
Zy,没啥新鲜的,想做一个好译员
Dodo,愿识乾坤大、犹怜草木青的同传Dodo
Lucian,灵魂在杰作中冒险
Colin,男,崇拜科比的一枚小翻译
Albert,男,热爱笔译的摸鱼人。希望一直有求知和宽阔的心
3
观点|评论|思考
本期感想
Nikolae,新手人民教师,声优探索者,乃木坂47与AKB49
4
愿景
微信扫码关注该文公众号作者