问3)日本政府认为“核污染水”处理后是安全的,为什么不把这部分水用于本国国内农业用水或产业用水等?
(答) 1 释放的水是将除氚以外的放射性物质充分净化至监管标准以下的水。进一步稀释后,氚以外的放射性物质的浓度将低于监管标准的1/100。氚的浓度也将被稀释至监管标准的1/40,WHO饮用水标准的约1/7,不会向海洋释放超过监管标准值的水。 2 该水虽然满足放射性物质的监管标准,但由于使用大量的海水进行稀释,含有盐分,因此不适合作为一般饮用水、产业和农业用水等。 3 另外,日本和国际上都没有将核设施的废水排到土壤、并对其影响进行准确地监测的经验,而且也没有建立追踪放射性物质的后续行为的监测方法。 4 而且,中国也和日本一样,根据IAEA制定的国际标准,从原子能设施向海洋排放含有氚等放射性核素的废水。日本预计释放入海的ALPS处理水中氚的排放量为每年22兆贝克勒尔,这是中国浙江省的秦山核电站每年排放量的约十分之一,广东阳江核电站、福建宁德核电站,以及红沿河核电站每年排放量的分别约五分之一。 ※1 中国原子能设施的氚(液体)的年排放量(2020年和2021年) 核电厂放射性流出物排放情况 (2020年) ・秦山第三核电站 143兆贝克勒尔 ・阳江核电站 122兆贝克勒尔 ・宁德核电站 111兆贝克勒尔 ・红沿河核电站 107兆贝克勒尔 (2021年) ・秦山核电站 218兆贝克勒尔 ・阳江核电站 112兆贝克勒尔 ・宁德核电站 102兆贝克勒尔 ・红沿河核电站 90兆克勒尔 ※1-4号机组、5-6号机组的合计 (出处:中国核能年鉴2021、2022)
JP2019 发表于 2023-08-24 03:57
> 日本预计释放入海的ALPS处理水中氚的排放量为每年22兆贝克勒尔,这是中国浙江省的秦山核电站每年排放量的约十分之一,广东阳江核电站、福建宁德核电站,以及红沿河核电站每年排放量的分别约五分之一。
这个 “每年22兆贝克勒尔” 是怎么算出来的?
按下面这个路透社新闻给的数据,按目前的排量,一年氚的排放量将比 “22兆贝克勒尔” 的 1000 倍还多
初期每日排放污水 (单位:升,litre):7800 * 1000 / 17 污水中氚含量 (单位:贝克勒尔/升,becquerels / litre):190 初期排放量:smaller portion,意思小于年平均值
那一年排放的 氚 (tritium)将是 (单位: 兆贝克勒尔):365 * (7800 * 1000 / 17 ) * 190 / 10^6 = 31819
如果1兆算10^6, 年排放量 31819 Mega becquerel 将远大于 22 兆贝克勒尔。
数据来自路透社新闻链接:https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-release-fukushima-water-into-ocean-starting-aug-24-2023-08-22/
TOKYO, Aug 22 (Reuters) - Japan said on Tuesday it will start releasing into the sea more than 1 million metric tons of treated radioactive water from the wrecked Fukushima nuclear power plant on Aug. 24, going ahead with a plan heavily criticised by China.
The plan, approved two years ago by the Japanese government as crucial to decommissioning the plant operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) (9501.T), has also faced criticism from local fishing groups fearing reputational damage.
"I expect the water release to start on August 24, weather conditions permitting," Prime Minister Fumio Kishida said.
The announcement comes a day after the government said it had won "a degree of understanding" from the fishing industry over the release of the water into the Pacific Ocean, even as fishing groups said they still feared the reputational damage would ruin their livelihood.
The water will initially be released in smaller portions and with extra checks, with the first discharge totalling 7,800 cubic metres over about 17 days starting Thursday, Tepco said.
That water will contain about 190 becquerels of tritium per litre, below the World Health Organisation drinking water limit of 10,000 becquerels per litre, according to Tepco. A becquerel is a unit of radioactivity.
Japan has said that the water release is safe. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the U.N. nuclear watchdog, greenlighted the plan in July, saying that it met international standards and that the impact it would have on people and the environment was "negligible".